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Food animal production > Neonatal diarrheas (swine) > Flashcards

Neonatal diarrheas (swine) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two causes of neonatal diarrheas?

A
  1. colibacillosis (ETEC)

2. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGE)

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2
Q

What are the two causes of neonatal diarrheas?

A
  1. colibacillosis (ETEC)

2. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGE)

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3
Q

What age of animals get neionatal colibacillosis?

A
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4
Q

What is the source of ETEC?

A

environment, feces skin

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5
Q

What provides a protective immunity against ETEC for piglets

A

pre-farrowing vaccination

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6
Q

What is a risk factor for ETEC?

A

litters of young sows due to lower IgA in milk

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7
Q

What is the pathogenesis of ETEC?

A
  1. adherence to small intestinal mucosa by fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F41)
  2. colonization
  3. production of enterotoxins (STa, STb, LT)
  4. secretory diarrhea
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8
Q

What are the clinical signs of ETEC?

A
  1. diarrhea, dehydration, lethargy,d eath
  2. peracute–death before dehydration
  3. single or multiple piglets in litter affected
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9
Q

What does severity of ETEC depend on?

A
  1. virulence
  2. vaccination status of damn
  3. environmental factors
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10
Q

How can cold cause a vicious cycle with ETEC?

A

Piglets have little brown fat, chill quickly (diarrhea, not eating)
Slows down GI tract and e. coli stay and propagate and secrete

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11
Q

What is the trend with litters affected and ETEC?

A

tends to have high prevalence within a litter but not necessarily between litters

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12
Q

What is seen on pathology ith ETEC?

A
  1. dehydration
  2. dilated, fluid filled smal intesteine
  3. congestion of SI vasculature
  4. dilated stommach–may contain undigested curd
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13
Q

What piglets should be submitted to diagnose ETEC?

A
  1. acute
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14
Q

What piglets should be submitted to diagnose ETEC?

A
  1. acute
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15
Q

What age of animals get neionatal colibacillosis?

A
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16
Q

What is the source of ETEC?

A

environment, feces skin

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17
Q

What provides a protective immunity against ETEC for piglets

A

pre-farrowing vaccination

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18
Q

What is a risk factor for ETEC?

A

litters of young sows due to lower IgA in milk

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19
Q

What is the pathogenesis of ETEC?

A
  1. adherence to small intestinal mucosa by fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F41)
  2. colonization
  3. production of enterotoxins (STa, STb, LT)
  4. secretory diarrhea
20
Q

What are the clinical signs of ETEC?

A
  1. diarrhea, dehydration, lethargy,d eath
  2. peracute–death before dehydration
  3. single or multiple piglets in litter affected
21
Q

What two types of TGE infections can occur?

A

epizootic infection (naive herd) enzootic infection (endemic)

22
Q

How can cold cause a vicious cycle with ETEC?

A

Piglets have little brown fat, chill quickly (diarrhea, not eating)
Slows down GI tract and e. coli stay and propagate and secrete

23
Q

What is the trend with litters affected and ETEC?

A

tends to have high prevalence within a litter but not necessarily between litters

24
Q

What is seen on pathology ith ETEC?

A
  1. dehydration
  2. dilated, fluid filled smal intesteine
  3. congestion of SI vasculature
  4. dilated stommach–may contain undigested curd
25
Q

How is dx of ETECC done?

A
  1. history–age of onset, gilt liters
  2. alkaline (secretory diarrhea)
  3. gut loop–culture and sensitivity
  4. histopathology–minimal villus atrophy
  5. PCR–fimbriae, enterotoxin genes
26
Q

What piglets should be submitted to diagnose ETEC?

A
  1. acute
27
Q

How is ETEC prevented/controlled?

A
  1. prevent chilling
  2. sanitation and hygiene
  3. stop fostering
  4. commercial killed bacterns (F4, F5, F6, F4, Sta, Stb, LT)
  5. autogenous bacterins–farm specific
  6. prevent dehydration (electrolytes)–not too much
  7. antimicrobial
28
Q

How do you get an autogenous vaccine for ETEC?

A

submit rectal swabs
submit e. coli isolated
test virulence
prepare vaccine

29
Q

what antimicrobials should be used for ETEC?

A
  1. parenteral
    ceftiofur, TMS
    NOT penicillin
30
Q

Is TGEV reportable?

A

yes, provincially

31
Q

What is PRCV?

A

evolved from TGE. tropism for lung. Partially protects against TGE

32
Q

Is PEDV reportable?

A

yes provincially

33
Q

HOw did PEDV spread to canada?

A

sprayed dried plasma

34
Q

What two types of TGE infections can occur?

A

epizootic infection (naive herd) enzootic infection (endemic)

35
Q

What is the epidemiology of epizootic TGE infection?

A
  1. short incubation, rapid transmission throught herd
  2. all ages affected
  3. mortality near 100% in piglets
36
Q

Why does TGE usually happen inteh winter/spring?

A
  1. TGE preserved by freezing
37
Q

What are the clinical signs of epizootic TGE?

A 
Suckling pigs
1. vomiting, diarrhea
2. rapid death-dehydration
3. high mortality for 2-3wk
Other ages
1. mild diarrhea, sporatic vomit
2. mortality rare
3. recover 1-2d
38
Q

What is the epidemiology of enzootic infection

A
  1. viral persistence
  2. transmission from old to youngest nurssery pigs w/ loss of maternal IgA
  3. low mortality
  4. older stage of pigs than enzootic
39
Q

What are the clinical signs of enzootic TGE?

A
  1. post-weaning diarrhea
  2. short duration
  3. rarely litters may suffer high mortality if sow (gilt) has low IgA
40
Q

What is the pathogenesis of TGE?

A
  1. Death of enterocytes via receptor mediated attachment, lysis and slouging of cells
  2. severe villous atrophy
  3. thin walled SI!!!
  4. malabsorptive & osmotic diarrhea
    .
41
Q

Why are neonates more severely affected by TGE?

A

Neonates have very long villi and suffer more severe villus atrophy (and it takes them longer to regenerate the villi 3wks rather than 3d) so die of dehydration

42
Q

How is TGE diagnosed?

A

Epizootic infections

1. near 100% mortality in pigs

43
Q

What animals should be chosen for diagnosis of TGE?

A

acute cases with minimal sloughing

44
Q

How is endemic TGE treated/controlled?

A

nothing. vaccines don’t work. control secondary infections/supportiv

45
Q

How are epizootic outbreaks controlled?

A 
Herd elimmination 
1. load, 
2. close, 
3. expose)
feed back intestines to animals
4. observe
5. wash and disinfect
6. introduce animals
7. expose to feces
8. observe clinically
9. assess Ab response--should not seroconvert
46
Q

How does the pH of ETEC and TGE infected piglets differ/

A

ETEC is basic (secretory)

TGE is acidic (malabsorptive)

Food animal production (21 decks)

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