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Neonatal Jaundice Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of neonatal jaundice?

A

Physiologic jaundice and pathologic jaundice

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2
Q

True or False: Physiologic jaundice is a common and benign condition in newborns.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: Physiologic jaundice typically appears within the first ____________ of life.

A

2-4 days

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4
Q

What causes physiologic jaundice in newborns?

A

Immature liver function leading to an inability to efficiently process bilirubin

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5
Q

What is the treatment for physiologic jaundice?

A

Phototherapy

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6
Q

True or False: Pathologic jaundice is usually a result of underlying medical conditions.

A

True

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: Pathologic jaundice can present within the first ____________ of life.

A

24 hours

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8
Q

What are some causes of pathologic jaundice?

A

Blood group incompatibility, infections, liver disease

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9
Q

What is the treatment for pathologic jaundice?

A

Identifying and treating the underlying cause

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10
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of jaundice is considered a normal physiological process in newborns? A) Physiologic jaundice B) Pathologic jaundice

A

A) Physiologic jaundice

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11
Q

True or False: Pathologic jaundice requires further investigation to determine the cause.

A

True

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: In pathologic jaundice, bilirubin levels may rise rapidly and lead to ____________ damage.

A

Brain

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13
Q

What is the main goal of treating neonatal jaundice?

A

Preventing bilirubin-induced brain damage

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14
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of jaundice requires immediate medical attention due to potential complications? A) Physiologic jaundice B) Pathologic jaundice

A

B) Pathologic jaundice

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15
Q

True or False: Neonatal jaundice can be a sign of a serious underlying condition.

A

True

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: Physiologic jaundice typically resolves on its own within ____________ weeks.

A

1-2

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17
Q

What is the primary concern with neonatal jaundice?

A

Preventing kernicterus

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of jaundice is more likely to require medical intervention? A) Physiologic jaundice B) Pathologic jaundice

A

B) Pathologic jaundice

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19
Q

True or False: Physiologic jaundice is not typically associated with any serious complications.

A

True

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: Pathologic jaundice may require treatment with ____________ therapy.

A

Exchange transfusion

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21
Q

What is the most common cause of physiologic jaundice?

A

Increased breakdown of fetal red blood cells

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22
Q

True or False: Pathologic jaundice can be caused by conditions such as biliary atresia.

A

True

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: Early detection and management of neonatal jaundice are crucial to prevent ____________ complications.

A

Neurological

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24
Q

What is the role of bilirubin in the development of jaundice?

A

Accumulation of bilirubin in the blood leads to the yellowing of the skin and eyes

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25
Causes of pathological jaundice
26
What is the most common cause of pathological jaundice?
Hepatocellular injury
27
True or False: Inherited disorders such as Gilbert syndrome can cause pathological jaundice.
True
28
What type of jaundice is caused by obstruction of the bile ducts?
Obstructive jaundice
29
Fill in the blank: Hemolytic disorders lead to an increase in ____________ production.
Bilirubin
30
Which of the following is not a common cause of pathological jaundice? A) Hepatocellular injury B) Hemolytic disorders C) Obstructive jaundice D) Normal liver function
D) Normal liver function
31
What is the term for the excessive breakdown of red blood cells that can lead to pathological jaundice?
Hemolysis
32
What can cause hepatocellular injury leading to pathological jaundice? A) Alcohol abuse B) Medication toxicity C) Viral hepatitis D) All of the above
D) All of the above
33
True or False: Liver cancer can cause pathological jaundice.
True
34
What is the term for the yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to elevated bilirubin levels?
Jaundice
35
Which type of jaundice is more likely to have pale stools and dark urine? A) Hemolytic jaundice B) Hepatocellular jaundice C) Obstructive jaundice
C) Obstructive jaundice
36
What is the primary function of the liver in relation to bilirubin metabolism?
Conjugation of bilirubin
37
Which of the following is not a common cause of obstructive jaundice? A) Gallstones B) Pancreatic cancer C) Liver cirrhosis D) Bacterial infection
D) Bacterial infection
38
What is the term for the yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes?
Icterus
39
True or False: Inadequate excretion of bilirubin can lead to pathological jaundice.
True
40
Which of the following is not a common cause of hemolytic disorders leading to jaundice? A) Sickle cell anemia B) Thalassemia C) Hemochromatosis D) G6PD deficiency
C) Hemochromatosis
41
What is the term for the yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes due to increased bilirubin levels?
Jaundice
42
Which of the following is not a common cause of hepatocellular injury leading to jaundice? A) Alcohol abuse B) Hepatitis C) Medication toxicity D) Hypothyroidism
D) Hypothyroidism
43
Fill in the blank: Conjugated bilirubin is water-__________ and is excreted in the bile.
soluble
44
What is the term for the accumulation of bile pigment in the blood due to liver dysfunction?
Hyperbilirubinemia
45
True or False: Neonatal jaundice is a common form of physiological jaundice in newborns.
True
46
Which of the following is not a common cause of obstructive jaundice? A) Pancreatic cancer B) Hepatitis C) Gallstones D) Biliary atresia
B) Hepatitis
47
What is the term for the breakdown of red blood cells that can lead to increased bilirubin levels?
Hemolysis
48
Fill in the blank: Hepatocellular jaundice is caused by ____________ injury to the liver cells.
direct
49
True or False: Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to hepatocellular injury and jaundice.
True
50
Which of the following is not a common cause of hemolytic disorders leading to jaundice? A) Gilbert syndrome B) G6PD deficiency C) Sickle cell anemia D) Thalassemia
A) Gilbert syndrome
51
What is the main difference between biliary atresia and galactosemia?
Biliary atresia is a blockage in the bile ducts that affects infants, while galactosemia is a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to process galactose.
52
Which condition presents with symptoms such as jaundice, dark urine, and pale stools?
Biliary atresia.
53
Which condition is characterized by the inability to properly break down galactose, leading to toxic buildup in the body?
Galactosemia.
54
Which condition requires surgical intervention, such as a Kasai procedure, to address the bile duct blockage?
Biliary atresia.
55
Which condition can be managed by avoiding foods containing galactose, such as dairy products?
Galactosemia.
56
What is breast milk jaundice?
Jaundice in newborns due to an increased level of unconjugated bilirubin in breast milk.
57
True or False: Breast milk jaundice typically appears after the first week of life.
True
58
What is the main cause of breast milk jaundice?
Increased levels of beta-glucuronidase in breast milk.
59
Fill in the blank: Breast milk jaundice is a _______ condition that usually resolves on its own without treatment.
benign
60
What is the recommended management for breast milk jaundice?
Continuing breastfeeding and monitoring the baby's bilirubin levels.
61
True or False: Breast milk jaundice is harmful to the baby's health.
False
62
What is the role of beta-glucuronidase in breast milk jaundice?
It deconjugates bilirubin, making it more readily absorbed by the baby's intestines.
63
What is the typical duration of breast milk jaundice?
It usually peaks at around 2 weeks of age and resolves by 12 weeks of age.
64
What is the main concern with breast milk jaundice?
The need to differentiate it from other causes of jaundice that may require treatment.
65
True or False: Supplementation with formula is a recommended treatment for breast milk jaundice.
False

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