Neonatal Review Questions

Question 1

total number of immature to total WBC

Answer 1

IT ratio

Question 2

Ductus arterioles becomes what later in life

Answer 2

ligamentum arteriosum/ ductus ligament

Question 3

right to left shunting causes what

Answer 3

cyanosis (bypassing the lungs)

Question 4

Left to right shunting causes what

Answer 4

pulmonary overload (seen with PDA)

Question 5

What condition forces K into the cell?

Answer 5

Alkalosis, also insulin

Question 6

Low serum levels of these substances are associated with seizure activity

Answer 6

glucose, Na, Ca

Question 7

Changes by 10 in the ____ will affect the pH by 0.1

Answer 7

HCO3

Question 8

Shunt that allows blood to move from one side of the heart to the other without a saturation differential

Answer 8

PFO

Question 9

Hypochloremia can present as which of the following acid base imbalances

Answer 9

metabolic alkalosis (Cl and HCO3 have inverse relationship)

Question 10

Pre-ductal saturation should be obtained where?

Answer 10

right hand

Question 11

When should the time of the first voiding be considered delayed

Answer 11

after 24 hours

Question 12

Which two electrolytes have an inverse relationship?

Answer 12

Cl and HCO3

Question 13

Furosemide causes these elements to be wasted

Answer 13

K, Na, Cl, Ca

Question 14

The total number of WBCs available to fight infection is the

Answer 14

ANC

Question 15

This may be added to TPN if your babies pH is low

Answer 15

acetate or phosphate (they are buffers)

Question 16

The antidote for hypermagnesemia is

Answer 16

Calcium gluconate

Question 17

Which sign may be seen on an EKG with hyperkalemia

Answer 17

Peaked T waves

Question 18

Term infant with perihylar streaks and fluid in the fissures

Answer 18

TTN

Question 19

Bilirubin toxicity is most toxic later on in the

Answer 19

CNS

Question 20

The administration of NaHCO3 is contraindicated in a baby with what acid base imbalance

Answer 20

respiratory acidosis (NaHCO3 breaks down into CO2 and H20, so don’t want to give to baby who already has a CO2 retention issue)

Question 21

Most common cause of hyponatremia in the newborn

Answer 21

retention of water relative to Na

Question 22

Total number of solutes in a solution

Answer 22

osmolality

Question 23

Differential greater than 10 between pre and post ductal saturation values detects shunting where

Answer 23

ductus arteriosus

Question 24

Movements are slower in jitteriness or seizures?

Answer 24

Seizures

Question 25

Most common cause of acute hemolytic anemia

Answer 25

ABO incompatibility

Question 26

Which blood types are the set up for an ABO incompatibility

Answer 26

Mom O and baby A or B

Question 27

Lifespan of newborn platelets

Answer 27

7-10 days

Question 28

Platelet count of <20-25 increases the newborns risk for

Answer 28

IVH

Question 29

Emergency measures for hyperkalemia include

Answer 29

insulin in dextrose (quick acting) lasix (used as an adjunct) ca gluconate ( protects heart) Na bicarb (Na pushes K back into cell)

Question 30

Which image modality is best used for evaluation of IVH

Answer 30

HUS

Question 31

Seizures related to HIE generally begin within ____ hours

Answer 31

12-24

Question 32

Can a baby have both an ABO and Rh incompatibility?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

Which grade hemorrhage extends in the adjacent brain tissue

Answer 33

grade 4

Question 34

Defined as central venous HCT>65%

Answer 34

polycythemia

Question 35

Stimulation will induce these movements

Answer 35

jitteriness

Question 36

Grade hemorrhage that extends into normal sized ventricles

Answer 36

2

Question 37

Platelet function is best measured by assessing the ____

Answer 37

bleeding time (not platelet count)

Question 38

Autonomic changes are associated with true seizure activity. true or false

Answer 38

true

Question 39

What is the normal circulating blood volume in a term infant

Answer 39

80-100 ml/kg

Question 40

Volume of air left in the alveoli after expiration

Answer 40

FRC

Question 41

Respiratory condition that usually resolves within 48-72 hours

Answer 41

TTN

Question 42

Complications of mechanical ventilation

Answer 42

pneumo, barotrauma, PIE, IVH, PVL, tracheal damage, air leaks

Question 43

Characterized by air bronchograms and a reticulogranular pattern on xray

Answer 43

RDS

Question 44

Conditions that are associated with hyperinflation on chest xray

Answer 44

PIE, MAS, retained fetal lung fluid, pneumo

Question 45

CRP can be performed on what type of specimen

Answer 45

blood

Question 46

When is meconium usually passed in a term infant

Answer 46

48 hours

Question 47

What condition promotes an inflammatory response of chemical pneumonitis

Answer 47

MAS

Question 48

Infants with MAS should be closely monitored for

Answer 48

PPHN

Question 49

The following bilirubin level would be concerning in a term newborn

Answer 49

cord bilirubin of 7 (should be less than 2)

Question 50

Maternal history is important to the neonate for the first ____ of life

Answer 50

30 days

Question 51

This cell is known for its strong phagocytic activity

Answer 51

neutrophil

Question 52

pathogenesis of PVL

Answer 52

decreased perfusion leads to cystic lesions and increased inflammatory markers in mom (chorio)

Question 53

Indications for NCPAP

Answer 53

decreased FRC, apnea/brady, transition from intubation, bronchiolitis, BPD, tracheal malasia

Question 54

The 2 major factors that affect oxygenation in mechanically ventilated newborns

Answer 54

amount of O2 delivered and MAP

Question 55

How does body compensate for respiratory acidosis

Answer 55

increase bicarb reabsorption

Question 56

Complications from NCPAP

Answer 56

nasal septum breakdown, pneumothorax, abdominal distention, nasal obstruction

Question 57

Major determinant of oxygenation

Answer 57

MAP

Question 58

Causes of respiratory acidosis

Answer 58

inadequate ventilation, sedation, RDS, maternal sedation, CDH, pneumo, PIE

Question 59

Causes of metabolic acidosis | think aerobic to anaerobic metabolism- byproduct is lactic acid which causes acidosis

Answer 59

Anything that decreases perfusion - abruption, prolapsed cord, sepsis, renal failure, too much chloride in TPN, inborn error of metabolism, PDA, cold stress, CHD