Neonatal withdrawal

Question 1

Opioids

Answer 1

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS): irritability, high-pitched crying, tremors, poor feeding, vomiting, diarrhoea, sweating, fever, seizures.

Question 2

Stimulants

Answer 2

Irritability, poor feeding, tremors, hypertonia, vomiting, high-pitched cry. Risk of long-term neurodevelopmental issues.

Question 3

MDMA

Answer 3

Limited data; potential for irritability, sleep disturbances, poor feeding, and hypertonia.

Question 4

Cannabis

Answer 4

Tremors, excessive crying, sleep disturbances, irritability, possible long-term neurodevelopmental effects.

Question 5

Hallucinogens

Answer 5

No well-defined neonatal withdrawal syndrome; may have indirect effects due to maternal health or poor prenatal care.

Question 6

Ketamine

Answer 6

No recognised neonatal withdrawal syndrome; potential risks include low birth weight and developmental delays.

Question 7

Nicotine

Answer 7

Irritability, hypertonia, tremors, sleep disturbances, excessive crying, feeding difficulties, increased risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

Question 8

Benzodiazepines

Answer 8

Hypotonia, poor feeding, respiratory depression, irritability, sleep disturbances, seizures, jitteriness, and prolonged withdrawal symptoms due to long half-life.