Neonate And Infant

Question 1

Neonate period

Answer 1

Birth to 4 weeks

Question 2

Infant period

Answer 2

5th week to walking

Question 3

APGAR

Answer 3

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace (reflex response)
Activity (muscle tone)
Respiratory effort

Question 4

Physical characteristics of newborn

Answer 4

Head- large in proportion to rest of body, 1in larger than chest, suture, fontanels
Face- Eyes small, swollen, grey/blue, Gums pink and moist, flat nose, receding chin
Length- heel to toe, avg. 20”, range 19-22”
Weight- avg. 7.5, range 5.5-10 lbs
Skin- thin and pale
Abdomen, large flabby

Question 5

Sutures

Answer 5

6 soft bones separated by band of cartilage

Question 6

Fontanels

Answer 6

Two soft spots
Anterior- closes at12-18 months, diamond shaped
Posterior- closes at 4 months, triangular shape

Question 7

Erythromycin

Answer 7

Prevents against blindness related to gonorrhea

Question 8

Length

Answer 8

Grows 1” per mont the first year

Question 9

Weight

Answer 9

Doubles birth weight by 5-6 months
Triples birth weight by first birthday
75% consist of water

Question 10

Acrocyanosis

Answer 10

Hands and feet blue

Question 11

Mongolian spots

Answer 11

Irregular pigment area in LS region, usually fades by 4 years

Question 12

Physiologic jaundice

Answer 12

Yellow color to ski and sclera

48-75 hours after birth

Question 13

Lanugo

Answer 13

Down like hair

Question 14

Vernix caseosa

Answer 14

Cottage cheese like substance that protects fetus from amniotic fluid

Question 15

Milia

Answer 15

White spots on nose, chin- retention of sebaceous material in sebaceous glands

Question 16

Meconium

Answer 16

Stool in first 24 hours

Black/green, sticky,tarry, odorless

Question 17

Pseudomenstration

Answer 17

Menstruation in female infant due to mines from mother

Question 18

“witches milk”

Answer 18

Leakage from infants nipples

Question 19

Void within 24 hours

Answer 19

8-10 times a day

Question 20

Moro

Answer 20

Sudden movement or jarring of position causes extension and adduction of extremities

Question 21

Tonic neck

Answer 21

While laying down; If head of infant is turned to one side, infant will extend arm and leg on that side

Question 22

Rooting

Answer 22

When newborn’s cheek is gently stroked, infants turns toward that side and opens mouth

Question 23

Babinski

Answer 23

When new borns sole is stroked, toes hyper extend and fan outward; big toe turns upward

Question 24

Temp

Answer 24

Axillary 97.7-99.5 F

Question 25

Pulse

Answer 25

Apicale 120-160 As low as 100 or as high as 200

Question 26

Respirations

Answer 26

30- | Irregular, shallow, diaphragmatic

Question 27

Blood pressure

Answer 27

65/45

Question 28

Motor development

Answer 28

``` Head control @ 2 months Roll over @ 4 months Roll both ways @ 6 months *Sitting @ 7 months Crawling @ 9 months *Creeping @ 10 months Walking @ 12-15 months ```

Question 29

Psychological development

Answer 29

Trust vs mistrust Environment consistently satisfies basic needs Parental guidance: Distraction up to 6 months Direct after 6months "No" Focus on praising the positive, desirable behavior

Question 30

Cognitive development

Answer 30

Piaget- begins life with no understanding of the world | Sensorimotor- understanding of environment by interacting with it

Question 31

Moral development

Answer 31

No conscious or system of values React to pain and love Satisfaction of needs

Question 32

Communication

Answer 32

``` Crying Smiling @ 2 months Babble @ 3 months "da-da" at 8 months 4-6words at 12 months Talk or read to infant to increase language comprehension and verbal ability ```

Question 33

Watch for delays

Answer 33

``` Certain persistence of reflexes No response to sound No grasp Not meeting movements when expected Delayed gesturing-waving ```

Question 34

Nutrition

Answer 34

``` Breast vs bottle Solids by 6 months Introduce foods one at a time Dental caries (cavities) Bottle mouth syndrome ```

Question 35

Sleep

Answer 35

Normal sleep patterns Neonate- 20 hours At 1 year- 12 hours SIDS- 1 in 500, between 1-4 months Infant should sleep on back and side 2400hr-0600

Question 36

Play

Answer 36

Needed for growth and development, socialization First year- non symbolic- helps infant gain information about objects -age appropriate playthings -solitary play

Question 37

Safety

Answer 37

``` New born totally helpless Caregiver meets all safety needs Approved cribs, car seats Prevent drowning, aspiration, suffocation Do not leave unattended EVER Support head Beware of lead poisoning ```

Question 38

What requires medical attention

Answer 38

``` Fever over 101 F Difficult, labored breathing Unexplained rash Absence of stools or urine Persistent vomiting or or diarrhea Extreme lethargy or hyper irritability ```

Question 39

Reye's syndrome

Answer 39

Do Not give aspirin Beware of products containing aspirin Use acetaminophen

Question 40

Immuzations

Answer 40

``` Hep b Diphtheria/tetanus/ pertussis Inactivated polio v Pneumococcal conjugate Influenza ```

Question 41

Minor side effects of immunizations

Answer 41

Ed tenderness Irritability Erythema Swelling at site

Question 42

Major side effects of immunizations

Answer 42

Increased temp. Greater then 102 F Loss of consciousness Paralysis Persistent, inconsolable crying

Question 43

Well child visits

Answer 43

Usually in line with immunization schedule | 2, 4, 6, and 12 months