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Growth & Devolopment > Neonate And Infant > Flashcards

Neonate And Infant Flashcards

1
Q

Neonate period

A

Birth to 4 weeks

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2
Q

Infant period

A

5th week to walking

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3
Q

APGAR

A 
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace (reflex response)
Activity (muscle tone)
Respiratory effort
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4
Q

Physical characteristics of newborn

A

Head- large in proportion to rest of body, 1in larger than chest, suture, fontanels
Face- Eyes small, swollen, grey/blue, Gums pink and moist, flat nose, receding chin
Length- heel to toe, avg. 20”, range 19-22”
Weight- avg. 7.5, range 5.5-10 lbs
Skin- thin and pale
Abdomen, large flabby

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5
Q

Sutures

A

6 soft bones separated by band of cartilage

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6
Q

Fontanels

A

Two soft spots
Anterior- closes at12-18 months, diamond shaped
Posterior- closes at 4 months, triangular shape

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7
Q

Erythromycin

A

Prevents against blindness related to gonorrhea

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8
Q

Length

A

Grows 1” per mont the first year

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9
Q

Weight

A

Doubles birth weight by 5-6 months
Triples birth weight by first birthday
75% consist of water

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10
Q

Acrocyanosis

A

Hands and feet blue

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11
Q

Mongolian spots

A

Irregular pigment area in LS region, usually fades by 4 years

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12
Q

Physiologic jaundice

A

Yellow color to ski and sclera

48-75 hours after birth

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13
Q

Lanugo

A

Down like hair

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14
Q

Vernix caseosa

A

Cottage cheese like substance that protects fetus from amniotic fluid

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15
Q

Milia

A

White spots on nose, chin- retention of sebaceous material in sebaceous glands

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16
Q

Meconium

A

Stool in first 24 hours

Black/green, sticky,tarry, odorless

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17
Q

Pseudomenstration

A

Menstruation in female infant due to mines from mother

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18
Q

“witches milk”

A

Leakage from infants nipples

19
Q

Void within 24 hours

A

8-10 times a day

20
Q

Moro

A

Sudden movement or jarring of position causes extension and adduction of extremities

21
Q

Tonic neck

A

While laying down; If head of infant is turned to one side, infant will extend arm and leg on that side

22
Q

Rooting

A

When newborn’s cheek is gently stroked, infants turns toward that side and opens mouth

23
Q

Babinski

A

When new borns sole is stroked, toes hyper extend and fan outward; big toe turns upward

24
Q

Temp

A

Axillary 97.7-99.5 F

25
Q

Pulse

A

Apicale 120-160

As low as 100 or as high as 200

26
Q

Respirations

A

30-

Irregular, shallow, diaphragmatic

27
Q

Blood pressure

A

65/45

28
Q

Motor development

A 
Head control @ 2 months
Roll over @ 4 months
Roll both ways @ 6 months
*Sitting @ 7 months
Crawling @ 9 months
*Creeping @ 10 months
Walking @ 12-15 months
29
Q

Psychological development

A

Trust vs mistrust
Environment consistently satisfies basic needs

Parental guidance:
Distraction up to 6 months
Direct after 6months “No”
Focus on praising the positive, desirable behavior

30
Q

Cognitive development

A

Piaget- begins life with no understanding of the world

Sensorimotor- understanding of environment by interacting with it

31
Q

Moral development

A

No conscious or system of values
React to pain and love
Satisfaction of needs

32
Q

Communication

A 
Crying
Smiling @ 2 months
Babble @ 3 months
"da-da" at 8 months
4-6words at 12 months
Talk or read to infant to increase language comprehension and verbal ability
33
Q

Watch for delays

A 
Certain persistence of reflexes
No response to sound
No grasp
Not meeting movements when expected
Delayed gesturing-waving
34
Q

Nutrition

A 
Breast vs bottle
Solids by 6 months
Introduce foods one at a time 
Dental caries (cavities)
Bottle mouth syndrome
35
Q

Sleep

A

Normal sleep patterns
Neonate- 20 hours
At 1 year- 12 hours

SIDS- 1 in 500, between 1-4 months
Infant should sleep on back and side
2400hr-0600

36
Q

Play

A

Needed for growth and development, socialization
First year- non symbolic- helps infant gain information about objects
-age appropriate playthings
-solitary play

37
Q

Safety

A 
New born totally helpless
Caregiver meets all safety needs
Approved cribs, car seats
Prevent drowning, aspiration, suffocation
Do not leave unattended EVER
Support head
Beware of lead poisoning
38
Q

What requires medical attention

A 
Fever over 101 F
Difficult, labored breathing
Unexplained rash
Absence of stools or urine
Persistent vomiting or or diarrhea
Extreme lethargy or hyper irritability
39
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

Do Not give aspirin
Beware of products containing aspirin
Use acetaminophen

40
Q

Immuzations

A 
Hep b
Diphtheria/tetanus/ pertussis
Inactivated polio v
Pneumococcal conjugate
Influenza
41
Q

Minor side effects of immunizations

A

Ed tenderness
Irritability
Erythema
Swelling at site

42
Q

Major side effects of immunizations

A

Increased temp. Greater then 102 F
Loss of consciousness
Paralysis
Persistent, inconsolable crying

43
Q

Well child visits

A

Usually in line with immunization schedule

2, 4, 6, and 12 months

Growth & Devolopment (1 decks)

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