Neonates Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is the recommended compression: ventilation ratio for the newborn?
3:1
What is primary apnoea in neonates?
When newborns remain hypoxic after delivery. They will fall unconscious, HR will halve and shuddering agonal gasps initiated by primitive spinal reflexes occur at a rate of ~12/min
What is secondary/terminal apnoea in neonates?
When the mechanisms triggered in primary apnoea fail to aerate the lungs and the heart starts to slow and fail
What signs and symptoms make you worry about biliary atresia?
- Jaundice lasting longer than 14 days of life
- Pale stools
- Hepatomegaly
- Conjugated bilirubin >17.1mmol/L
- Dark urine
- Bruising
What is the treatment for biliary atresia without signs of end-stage liver disease?
Hepatoportoenterostomy with urosdeoxycholic acid
What are the complications associated with biliary atresia?
- Growth failure
- Cholangitis
- Portal hypertension
- GI bleeds
- Poor bone health
- Fat soluble vitamin deficiency (A, D, E, K)
- Liver failure
Why are newborns unlikely to develop bronchiolitis?
Because they are protected by maternal IgG
What is laryngomalacia?
A congenital abnormality that predisposes the child to dynamic supraglottic collapse during inspiration resulting in intermittent upper away obstruction and stridor
What is the most common source of stridor in infants?
Laryngomalacia
What is congenital dermal melanocytosis and what is it also known as?
A type of birthmark that look like flat blue or blue/grey spots with an irregular shape that commonly appear at birth or soon after on the base of spine, buttocks and back
Mongolian blue spot
In which ethnicity is congenital dermal melanocytosis very common?
Asia, Polynesia, Indian and African
What is the time scale for physiological jaundice?
24h to 14 days
