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FLASH FINALS > Neonates > Flashcards

Neonates Flashcards

1
Q

APGAR - pulse scores

A

> 100 = 2
< 100 = 1
Absent = 0

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2
Q

Second A in APGAR

score:

A

Activity
Active motion = 2
Some muscle tone = 1
Loose/floppy = 0

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3
Q

Respiratory effort in APGAR

A

Cries well = 2
Slow irregular breathing = 1
Not breathing = 0

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4
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infant prevention

A

Pre-natal STEROIDS

2 doses, 12 hours apart

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5
Q

Long term complication associated w/ ventilation of babies

A

Broncho-pulmonary dysplasia

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6
Q

Necrotising enterocolitis px.

A

Poor feeding
Mucous and blood stained diarrhoea
Abdominal distension and tenderness

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7
Q

Necrotising enterocolitis ix.

A

Abdominal X-ray

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8
Q

Necrotising enterocolitis ix. findings:

A

Asymmetrical dilated loops of bowel

Oedema and pneumostasis intestinalis - air cysts in the bowel wall.

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9
Q

Pre-term delivery head injury

A

Periventricular haemorrhage

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10
Q

Periventricular haemorrhage may progress to:

A

Intra-ventricular and intra cerebral haemorrhage

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11
Q

Neonatal sepsis antibiotics:

A

Benzyl penicillin

Gentamicin

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12
Q

Antibiotics required for:
Neonatal pneumonia
Neonatal meningitis
UTI

A

Amoxicillin

Cefotaxime + Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin + Gentamicin

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13
Q

Ophthalmia neonatorum causative organism

A

Chlamydia from mother to baby

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14
Q

Transient tachypnoea of the newborn - main cause

A

C-section delivery

Failure to adequately clear fluid from the lungs following delivery.

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15
Q

Mx. TTN

A

Rule out other causes of increased RR

Monitor - most resolve w/in 24 hours

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16
Q

Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs due to either:

A

Fetal distress

Post-term baby

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17
Q

Meconium aspiration syndrome mx:

A

Suctioning and supportive care

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18
Q

Main causes of neonatal heart failure:

A

TORCH infections
Chromosome abnormalities
Rhesus Haemolytic disease

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19
Q

Mx. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn:

A

Supportive care

Inotropes to increase systemic pressure while foetal circulation naturally adapts

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20
Q

Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn: px.

A

2-7 days post partum bleeding and bruising

21
Q

Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn: Mx

A

Vitamin K at birth - given by the midwife

22
Q

Physiological jaundice bilirubin level

A

Must be below 200

23
Q

Causes of pathological jaundice w/in the first 24 hours of life:

A

Sepsis
Haemorrhagic disease of the new born
Red cell incompatibility: Rhesus disease.
Inherited conditions: G6PD, Hereditary spherocytosis

24
Q

Prolonged jaundice duration:

A

> 14 days

25
Q

Prolonged jaundice causes:

A

Hypothyroidism
Infection: UTI, TORCH
Biliary atresia, CF, hypothyroidism

26
Q

Mx. of prolonged jaundice:

A

Plot bilirubin on graph

High: Phototherapy
Very high: Exhange transfusion

27
Q

Prolonged jaundice: investigate for conditions such as:

A

G6PD
Galactosaemia
Hypothyroidism

28
Q

What is Kernicterus

A

Bilirubin induced encephalopathy

29
Q

Kernicterus management:

A

Exchange transfusion + phototherapy

30
Q

Cyanotic congenital heart defects are associated with a ___ shunt

A

Right to left shunt

31
Q

Cyanotic defects examples:

A 
Tricuspid atresia 
Pulmonary atresia 
Severe pulmonary stensosis
Severe Ebstein's anomaly
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the great arteries
32
Q

Transposition of great vessels - shape of cardiomegaly:

A

‘egg-shaped’

33
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot shape of cardiomegaly:

A

‘Boot-shaped’

34
Q

Most common congenital heart defect:

Cyanotic or acyanotic

A

VSD

Acyanotic

35
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus mx.
To close
To keep patency: before surgery:

A

Indomethacin will close

Prostaglandins will keep patency

36
Q

Oesophageal atresia: describe -

A

Narrowing of oesophagus and formation of fistula w/ the trachea

37
Q

Oesophageal atresia px.

A

Frothy secretions, drooling and difficult passing catheter into stomach

38
Q

Gastrochisis vs. Exomphalos

A 
Gastrochisis = Extrusion of abdominal viscera 
Exomphalos = herniation of viscera covered w/ peritoneum - para-umbilical
39
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia raised marker:

A

17 - hydroxyprogesterone

21-a hydroxylase deficiency

40
Q

Meconium ileus commonest assoc.

A

CF

41
Q

Meconium ileus ix.

A

Large distended loops of small bowel on ABDOMINAL XRAY

42
Q

Mx. meconium ileus:

A

Conservative = wash-out and NG tube

Surgical - removal of compacted bowel

43
Q

Jejunal atresia px.

A

Vomiting, unable to pass meconium

44
Q

Jejunal atresia px.

A

Few bowel loops w/ distended proximal small bowel

45
Q

Causes of jitteriness in baby

A

Hypoglycaemia

Hypernatraemia (dehydration)

46
Q

SUFE classically features loss of:

A

Internal rotation of the leg

47
Q

Undescended testes mx.

A

Review at 3 months

Refer for surgery at 6 months

48
Q

Chest compressions: rescue breaths for neonatal CPR

A

3:1 ratio

FLASH FINALS (34 decks)

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