Neoplasia

Question 1

round cell tumors

Answer 1

lymphocytes–> lymphoma
plasma cells–> benign= plasmocytoma and malignant= myeloma
mast cells (graded in dogs)
histiocytes–> really benign= histiocytoma and very malignant= histiocytic sarcoma
TVT–> transvenereal tumors

Question 2

tumor

Answer 2

swollen part, swelling, protuberance

Question 3

cancer

Answer 3

malignant and invasive growth or tumor

Question 4

neoplasia/neoplasm

Answer 4

formation or presence of new, abnormal growth or tissue

Question 5

oncology

Answer 5

study of neoplasms

Question 6

hamartoma

Answer 6

a mass of disorganzied tissue indigenous to that particular site

Question 7

chorisome

Answer 7

a mass of normal tissue at an abnormal site
AKA a heterotopic rest of cells

Question 8

dysplasia

Answer 8

lack of uniformity of individual cells as well as a loss in architectural orientation
can be a premalignant condition

Question 9

preneoplastic

Answer 9

changes that may signal an increased risk or likelihood for progression to neoplasia

Question 10

where do neoplastic cells arise from

Answer 10

a single cell that has incurred genetic change (clonal population)
persistence occurs with clonal expansion- heritable genetic alterations are passed down to neoplastic cells
unregulated proliferation occurs and become autonomous- depends on blood supply and nutrition from host

Question 11

two basic components of all neoplasms (benign or malignant)

Answer 11

neoplastic cells (determine biologic behavior of the neoplasm)
non-neoplastic stroma (provided by host)

Question 12

desmoplasia

Answer 12

formation of abundant collagenous stroma by the host
feel firm

Question 13

benign

Answer 13

implies that the neoplasm is considered relatively innocuous based on its gross and microscopic appearance

Question 14

characteristics of benign tumors

Answer 14

localized to a specific site
cannot and does not metastasize
amenable to surgical excision
can produce serious disease and may be life threatening (esp in CNS or functional endocrine neoplasms

Question 15

suffix for benign mesenchymal neoplasms

Answer 15

-OMA
ex. fibroblast/cyte–> fibroma

Question 16

nomenclature for benign epithelial neoplasms

Answer 16

glandular tissue –> adenoma
cystic epithelial neoplasm–> cystadenoma
growing on epithelial surface and forms finger-like projections–> papilloma
mass projecting above the epithelial structure–> polyp

Question 17

malignant

Answer 17

implies that the neoplasm has the potential to be life threatening by invading and destroying adjacent structure or spreading to distant sites (metastasize)

Question 18

mesenchymal neoplasms

Answer 18

add the suffix SARCOMA
ex: fibroblast/cyte= fibrosarcoma

Question 19

epithelial neoplasms

Answer 19

carcinomas
if neoplastic cells are present in a glandular pattern–> adenocarcinoma
carcinoma in situ: pre-invasive stage where it does not invade through the basement membrane

Question 20

mixed cell tumors

Answer 20

usually develop from one germ cell layer that undergoes divergent differentiation

Question 21

characteristics of malignant tumors

Answer 21

often poorly differentiated; locally invasive, infiltrating surrounding tissue, can seem cohesive, mitotic figures may be present, metastasis may be present

Question 22

differentiation

Answer 22

refers to the extent to which neoplastic cells resemble comparable cells, both morphologically and functionally

Question 23

anaplasia

Answer 23

“to form backward”- refers to lack of differentiation of the neoplastic cells on microscopic evaluation and de-differentiation or loss of structural and functional differentiation of normal cells

lack of differentiation

characterized by pleomorphisms, abnormal nuclear morphology, and mitoses

Question 24

pleomorphism

Answer 24

variation in shape and size of entire cell or nucleus

greater the pleomorphism, more anaplastic the cell

Question 25

anisocytosis

Answer 25

example of pleomorphism cells of different sizes

Question 26

anisokaryosis

Answer 26

example of pleomorphism nuclei of different sizes

Question 27

abnormal cell morphology

Answer 27

karyomegaly: large nuclei multinucleation hyperchromasia: contain abundant chromatin an dare dark staining

Question 28

mitotic figures

Answer 28

measure of growth

Question 29

metastasis- lymphatic spread

Answer 29

mostly found with carcinomas

Question 30

metastasis- hematogenous spread

Answer 30

mostly found with sarcomas commonly seen in lungs and liver

Question 31

metastasis- transcoelemic spread or seeding

Answer 31

occurs when cancers invade and seed a natural body cavity and re-implant at different sites within the cavity commonly seen withcarcinomas of the ovary, GI tissue and lung **Referred to as carcinomatosis **implanted neoplasms may evoke a host response called desmoplasia

Question 32

metastasis- venereal spread

Answer 32

unique and found only in transmissible venereal tumor in dogs

Question 33

staging

Answer 33

performed by clinicians based on where it is located

Question 34

grading

Answer 34

done by pathologists not done on every tumor done on MCT and soft tissue sarcomas

Question 35

benign neoplasm of stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 35

papilloma

Question 36

malignant neoplasm of stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 36

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 37

benign neoplasm of glandular/ductal epithelium

Answer 37

adenoma papilloma cystadenoma

Question 38

malignant neoplasm of glandular/ductal epithelium

Answer 38

adenocarcinoma cystadenocarcinoma

Question 39

benign neoplasm of apocrine glands

Answer 39

apocrine adenoma

Question 40

malignant neoplasm of apocrine glands

Answer 40

apocrine adenocarcinoma

Question 41

benign neoplasm of sebaceous glands

Answer 41

sebaceous adenoma

Question 42

malignant neoplasm of sebaceous glands

Answer 42

sebaceous carcinoma

Question 43

benign neoplasm of mammary gland

Answer 43

adenoma mixed adenoma complex adenoma

Question 44

malignant neoplasm of mammary gland

Answer 44

adenocarcinoma complex carcinoma carcinosarcoma

Question 45

benign neoplasm of respiratory epithelium

Answer 45

pulmonary/bronchial adenoma

Question 46

malignant neoplasm of respiratory epithelium

Answer 46

pulmonary/bronchial carcinoma

Question 47

benign neoplasm of liver cells

Answer 47

hepatocellular adenoma

Question 48

malignant neoplasm of liver cells

Answer 48

hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 49

benign neoplasm of bile ducts

Answer 49

bile duct/cholangiocellular adenoma

Question 50

malignant neoplasm of bile ducts

Answer 50

bile duct/cholangiocellular carcinoma

Question 51

benign neoplasm of pancreatic acinar cells

Answer 51

pancreatic adenoma

Question 52

malignant neoplasm of pancreatic acinar cells

Answer 52

pancreatic (adeno)carcinoma

Question 53

benign neoplasm of renal tubules/epithelium

Answer 53

renal adenoma

Question 54

malignant neoplasm of renal tubules/epithelium

Answer 54

renal adenocarcinoma

Question 55

benign neoplasm of urinary tract epithelium

Answer 55

transitional cell papilloma

Question 56

malignant neoplasm of urinary tract epithelium

Answer 56

transitional cell carcinoma

Question 57

benign neoplasm of fibroblasts

Answer 57

fibroma

Question 58

malignant neoplasm of fibroblasts

Answer 58

fibrosarcoma

Question 59

benign neoplasm of adipocyte

Answer 59

lipoma

Question 60

malignant neoplasm of adipocyte

Answer 60

liposarcoma

Question 61

benign neoplasm of cartilage

Answer 61

chondroma

Question 62

malignant neoplasm of cartilage

Answer 62

chondrosarcoma

Question 63

benign neoplasm of bone

Answer 63

osteoma

Question 64

malignant neoplasm of bone

Answer 64

osteosarcoma

Question 65

benign neoplasm of blood vessels

Answer 65

hemangioma

Question 66

malignant neoplasm of blood vessels

Answer 66

hemangiosarcoma

Question 67

benign neoplasm of lymph vessels

Answer 67

lymphangioma

Question 68

malignant neoplasm of lymph vessels

Answer 68

lymphangiosarcoma

Question 69

benign neoplasm of synovium

Answer 69

synovioma

Question 70

malignant neoplasm of synovium

Answer 70

synovial sarcoma

Question 71

benign neoplasm of mesothelium

Answer 71

N/A

Question 72

malignant neoplasm of mesothelium

Answer 72

mesothelioma

Question 73

benign neoplasm of meninges

Answer 73

meningioma (low grade)

Question 74

malignant neoplasm of meninges

Answer 74

meningioma (high grade)

Question 75

benign neoplasm of smooth muscle

Answer 75

leiomyoma

Question 76

malignant neoplasm of smooth muscle

Answer 76

leiomyosarcoma

Question 77

benign neoplasm of striated muscle

Answer 77

rhabdomyoma

Question 78

malignant neoplasm of striated muscle

Answer 78

rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 79

benign neoplasm of hematopoietic cells

Answer 79

N/A

Question 80

malignant neoplasm of hematopoietic cells

Answer 80

leukemia

Question 81

benign neoplasm of mast cells

Answer 81

N/A

Question 82

malignant neoplasm of mast cells

Answer 82

mast cell tumor

Question 83

benign neoplasm of lymphoid tissue

Answer 83

N/A

Question 84

malignant neoplasm of lymphoid tissue

Answer 84

lymphoma

Question 85

benign neoplasm of melanocytes

Answer 85

melanocytoma

Question 86

malignant neoplasm of melanocytes

Answer 86

malignant melanoma

Question 87

benign neoplasm of pancreatic islets

Answer 87

islet cell tumor/insulinoma

Question 88

malignant neoplasm of pancreatic islets

Answer 88

malignant islet cell tumor