Neoplasia

Question 1

benign tumor arising in fibrous tissue

Answer 1

Fibroma

Question 2

benign tumor arising from the cartilage

Answer 2

Chondroma

Question 3

benign epithelial neoplasm derived from glands

Answer 3

Adenoma

Question 4

benign epithelial neoplasm that produces microscopic or macroscopic visible finger-like or warty projections from the epithelial surface

Answer 4

Papillomas

Question 5

Malignant tumors arising in ___ ___ are usually called sarcoma

Answer 5

mesenchymal tissue

Question 6

Malignant neoplasms of epithelial cell origin, derived from any of the three germ layers

Answer 6

Carcinomas

Question 7

Increase number of normal cells

Answer 7

Hyperplasia

Question 8

Pathological event: Replacement of one differentiated (normal) cell with another differentiated (normal) cell

Answer 8

Metaplasia

Question 9

Abnormal cells becoming disorganized (often pre-malignant)

Answer 9

Dysplasia

Question 10

Characteristics of dysplasia (4)

Answer 10

• considerable pleomorphisms (different cell shapes, sizes)
• hyperchromatic (dark staining) nuclei
• high nuclear:cytoplasmic ration
• disorderly architecture

Question 11

___ dysplasia involves entire thickness of the epithelium

Answer 11

severe

Question 12

mild dysplasia does not involve the entire thickness of the epithelium and can be ___

Answer 12

reversible

Question 13

__ __ dysplasia is synonymous with carcinoma in situ.

It is also known as “__ __ dysplasia”

Answer 13

high grade;

full thickness

Question 14

define anaplasia

Answer 14

lack of differentiation

Question 15

___ is considered to be a hallmark of malignancy

Answer 15

anaplasia

Question 16

Morphological changes associated with alaplasia:

Answer 16

• pleomorphism
• hyperchromatic nuclei
• mitotic cells
• loss of spacial organization

Question 17

All malignant tumors can metastasize. However, exceptions are __ and __ that can locally invasive but rarely metastasize.

Answer 17

gliomas

basal cell carcinomoa

Question 18

T/N/M: describes the severity of the primary tumor

Answer 18

T

Question 19

T/N/M: describes the number of distant metastases.

Answer 19

M

Question 20

T/N/M: describes the number of regional lymph nodes that have metastases

Answer 20

N

Question 21

___ is the most common malignancy of skin (80% of all skin cancer)

Answer 21

basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

Question 22

In basal cell carcinoma, ___ are rare

Answer 22

metastases

Question 23

Carcinoma in situ is marked by penetration through the basement membrane. T/F

Answer 23

F; no penetration of BM

Question 24

___ is evaluating the level of differentiation of the tumor.

___ is assessing the extent to which cancer has spread.

Answer 24

Grading

Staging (size, lymph node, blood-borne metastasis)

Question 25

TNF is used to grade/stage cancer.

Answer 25

Stage (size, lymph node, blood-borne metastasis)

Question 26

Sarcomas/carcinomas metastasize via regional lymph nodes.

Answer 26

Carcinoma

Question 27

Sarcomas metastasize via __

Answer 27

blood (hematogenous)

Question 28

Process that promotes epithelial tumor cell invasion into stroma

Answer 28

EMT (endothelial mesenchymal transition)