Neoplasia (chapter 7)

Question 1

ERBB1 (EGFR)

Answer 1

adenocarcinoma of the lung

Question 2

ERBB2 (HER)

Answer 2

breast carcinoma

Question 3

RET

Answer 3

multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A and 2B

Question 4

PDGFRB

Answer 4

gliomas

Question 5

KIT

Answer 5

gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Question 6

ALK

Answer 6

adenocarcinoma of the lung

Question 7

KRAS

Answer 7

colon, lung, pancreatic cancers

Question 8

NRAS

Answer 8

melanomas, hematologic malignancies

Question 9

GNAS

Answer 9

pituitary adenoma, other endocrine tumors

Question 10

(bcr) ABL

Answer 10

chronic myeloid leukemia

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 11

BRAF

Answer 11

melanomas

Question 12

JAK2

Answer 12

myeloproliferative disorders

Question 13

C-MYC

Answer 13

Burkitt lymphoma

Question 14

N-MYC

Answer 14

neuroblastoma

Question 15

L-MYC

Answer 15

small-cell (oat cell) carcinoma of lung

Question 16

CCND1 (cyclin D)

Answer 16

mantle cell lymphoma

Question 17

(9;22)(q34;q11)/BCR-ABL

Answer 17

chronic myelogenous leukemia

Question 18

(8;14)(q24;q32)/C-MYC

Answer 18

Burkitt lymphoma

Question 19

(11;22)(q24;q12)/FLI1/EWSR1

Answer 19

Ewing sarcoma

Question 20

CDK4/D cyclins (gene function)

Answer 20

phosphorylate RB, allow cell to progress through G1 restriction point

Question 21

INK4/ARF family (CDKN2A-C) (gene function)

Answer 21

p16/INK4a - binds cyclinD/CDK4, promotes inhibitory effects of RB
p14/ARF - increases p53 levels

Question 22

RB (gene function)

Answer 22

tumor suppressor; prevents G1/S transition

Question 23

p53 (gene function)

Answer 23

tumor suppressor; causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

required for G1/S checkpoint, main component of G2/M checkpoint

Question 24

NF1

Answer 24

neurofibromatosis type 1 (neurofibromas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors)

Question 25

NF2

Answer 25

neurofibromatosis type 2 (acoustic schwannoma, meningioma)

Question 26

PTCH

Answer 26

Gorlin syndrome (basal cell carcinoma)

Question 27

PTEN

Answer 27

Cowden syndrome

Question 28

RB

Answer 28

retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma

Question 29

VHL

Answer 29

von Hippel Lindau syndrome (renal cell carcinoma)

Question 30

E-cadherin

Answer 30

familial gastric cancer

Question 31

TP53

Answer 31

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Question 32

BRCA1, BRCA2

Answer 32

familial breast and ovarian carcinoma

Question 33

WT1

Answer 33

familial Wilms tumor

Question 34

MEN1

Answer 34

multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreatic endocrine tumors)

Question 35

Cushing syndrome (paraneoplastic)

Answer 35

small-cell carcinoma of lung; ACTH

Question 36

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) (paraneoplastic)

Answer 36

small-cell carcinoma of lung; ADH

Question 37

Hypercalcemia (paraneoplastic)

Answer 37

squamous cell carcinoma of lung; parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP), TGF-alpha, TNF, IL-1

Question 38

Polycythemia (paraneoplastic)

Answer 38

gastric, renal carcinoma; erythropoietin

Question 39

Carcinoid syndrome (paraneoplastic)

Answer 39

serotonin, bradykinin

Question 40

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 40

thymic neoplasms

Question 41

Acanthosis nigricans

Answer 41

gastric, lung, uterine carcinomas; immunological, secretion of epidermal growth factor

Question 42

Dermatomyositis

Answer 42

bronchogenic, breast carcinoma; immunological

Question 43

Venous thrombosis (Trousseau phenomenon)

Answer 43

pancreatic carcinoma; tumor products (mucins that activate clotting)

Question 44

DIC

Answer 44

acute promyelocytic leukemia, prostatic carcinoma; tumor products that activate clotting

Question 45

Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis

Answer 45

advanced cancers; hypercoagulability

Question 46

aflatoxin B1

Answer 46

liver cancer (via p53 inactivation)

Question 47

betel nuts

Answer 47

oral cancer

Question 48

arsenic/compounds

Answer 48

skin carcinoma

Question 49

asbestos

Answer 49

lung, esophageal, gastric, colon carcinomas; mesothelioma

Question 50

benzene

Answer 50

acute myeloid leukemia

Question 51

radon/decay products

Answer 51

lung carcinoma

Question 52

vinyl chloride

Answer 52

hepatic angiosarcoma

Question 53

HTLV-1

Answer 53

adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

Question 54

HBV/HCV

Answer 54

hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 55

HPV

Answer 55

papillomas, carcinomas of cervix, anus, penis, and oropharynx

Question 56

HHV-8

Answer 56

Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma

Question 57

EBV

Answer 57

Burkitt lymphoma, Hodkin lymhoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 58

CMV (HHV-5)

Answer 58

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 59

Merkel cell polyomavirus

Answer 59

Merkel cell carcinoma

Question 60

Aspergillus

Answer 60

aflotoxin B1-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 61

Schistosoma heamatobium

Answer 61

bladder cancer

Question 62

Schistosoma japonicum

Answer 62

colon cancer

Question 63

Opisthorchis viverrini

Answer 63

cholangiocarcinoma

Question 64

Helicobacter pylori

Answer 64

extranodal marginal zone (MALT) lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma

Question 65

MSH2, MLH1, MSH6

Answer 65

hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer

Question 66

LKB1=STK11

Answer 66

Peutz-Jegher syndrome (epithelial cancers)

Question 67

MEN1

Answer 67

Wermer syndrome (pancreatic tumors, pituitary adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia)

Question 68

MEN2A

Answer 68

Sipple syndrome (medullary thyroid carcinoma)

Question 69

asbestosis, silicosis

Answer 69

mesothelioma, lung carcinoma

Question 70

inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 70

colorectal carcinoma

Question 71

lichen sclerosus et atrophicus

Answer 71

vulvar squamous cell carcinoma

Question 72

chronic pancreatitis

Answer 72

pancreatic carcinoma (d/t alcoholism)

Question 73

bronchitis

Answer 73

lung carcinoma (asbestos, smoking)

Question 74

reflux esophagitis, Barrett esophagus

Answer 74

esophageal carcinoma (gastric acids)

Question 75

Sjögren syndrome, Hashimoto thyroiditis

Answer 75

MALT lymphoma

Question 76

Opisthorchis viverrini (liver fluke)

Answer 76

cholangiocarcinoma

Question 77

gastritis/ulcers

Answer 77

gastric adenocarcinoma, MALT (d/t H. pylori)

Question 78

hepatitis

Answer 78

hepatocellular carcinoma (d/t HBV/HCV)

Question 79

osteomyelitis

Answer 79

carcinoma in draining sinuses

Question 80

chronic cervicitis

Answer 80

cervical carcinoma (d/t HPV)

Question 81

chronic cystitis

Answer 81

bladder carcinoma (d/t schistosomiasis, chronic urinary catheters)

Question 82

hCG (marker)

Answer 82

trophoblastic tumors, nonseminomatous testicular tumors

Question 83

calcitonin (marker)

Answer 83

medullary carcinoma of thyroid

Question 84

catecholamine and metabolites (marker)

Answer 84

pheochromocytoma

Question 85

alpha fetoprotein (marker)

Answer 85

liver cell cancer, nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of testis

Question 86

carcinoembryonic antigen (marker)

Answer 86

carcinomas of colon, pancreas, lung, stomach, heart

Question 87

prostatic acid phosphatase (marker)

Answer 87

prostate cancer

Question 88

neuron-specific enolase (marker)

Answer 88

small-cell cancer of lung, neuroblastoma

Question 89

immunoglobulins (marker)

Answer 89

multiple myeloma, other gammopathies

Question 90

PSA (marker)

Answer 90

prostate cancer

Question 91

CA-125 (marker)

Answer 91

ovarian cancer