neoplasia I and ii

Question 1

oncology

Answer 1

study of tumors

Question 2

what is the main characteristic of malignant tumors?

Answer 2

metastasis

Question 3

what are the histological features of distinguishing between benign and malignant?

Answer 3

borders
growth rate
anaplasia

Question 4

what can be seen in malignant neoplasms?

Answer 4

mitotic figures

Question 5

what are nuclear features of anaplasia?

Answer 5

pleomorphism
hyperchromasia
high nuclear/cytoplasm ratio

Question 6

what occurs in epithelial tissue and is limited by the basement membrane?

Answer 6

dysplasia

Question 7

true or false. in dysplasia the cells are normal.

Answer 7

false they are abnormal

Question 8

what’s the clonality of Neo and hyper plasia?

Answer 8

neo = clonal 
hyper = polyclonal

Question 9

benign fat tumor

Answer 9

lipoma

Question 10

benign sm tumor

Answer 10

leiomyoma

Question 11

benign skeletal muscle tumor

Answer 11

rhabdomyoma

Question 12

benign fibrous tissue tumor

Answer 12

fibroma

Question 13

benign blood vessel tumor

Answer 13

hemangioma

Question 14

benign cartilage tumor

Answer 14

chondroma

Question 15

benign tumor derived from glandular epithelium

Answer 15

adenoma

Question 16

benign epithelial neoplasm with cystic / fluid filled cavity

Answer 16

cystadenoma

Question 17

benign epithelial neoplasm with finger like / papillary projections

Answer 17

papilloma

Question 18

malignant tumor arising from epithelial tissue

Answer 18

carcinoma

Question 19

malignant tumor arising from glandular epithelium

Answer 19

adenoma

Question 20

malignant tumor arising from mesenchymal tissue

Answer 20

sarcoma

Question 21

malignant tumor arising from lymphoid tissue

Answer 21

lymphoma

Question 22

malignant tumor arising from blood / bone marrow elements

Answer 22

leukemia

Question 23

what are the steps of metastasis?

Answer 23

local invasion 
intravasation
transport
extravasation 
formation of micrometastasis 
colonization

Question 24

during intravasation what must the tumor cells attach ti ?

Answer 24

stromal surface of vessel

Question 25

during extravasation the tumor cells attach to the endothelial side of the blood vessels via ....

Answer 25

e selectin

Question 26

metastatic insuffiency

Answer 26

low rate of success in forming metastases

Question 27

what's the rate limiting step of metastases ?

Answer 27

colonization

Question 28

what's the most important factor for the tumor to survive?

Answer 28

vascular formation ( production of VEGF)

Question 29

dx of malignancy is ultimately done by what?

Answer 29

histology

Question 30

what is cytogenetics

Answer 30

branch of genetics that studies structure of DNA in cell nucleus

Question 31

many tumors have specific chromosomal ....

Answer 31

translocations or deletions

Question 32

genes in breast cancer

Answer 32

BRCA1 and BRCA2

Question 33

genes in lung cancer

Answer 33

EGFR

Question 34

genes in retinoblastoma

Answer 34

RB

Question 35

genes in melanoma

Answer 35

B-RAF