neoplasm 2

Question 1

1. Define communicable disease.

Answer 1

A transmissible (contagious) infectious disease

Question 2

2. All infectious diseases are communicable. TRUE/FALSE

Answer 2

False

Question 3

3. Define symbiosis.

Answer 3

The biological relationship between two different organisms

Question 4

4. Define mutualism.

Answer 4

Both host and microorganism benefit (bees and flowers)

Question 5

5. Define commensalism.

Answer 5

Microorganism benefit from the host, but without affecting it (bird and elephant)

Question 6

11. What type of lymphocyte responds to bacteria/fungi? Neutrophils

Answer 6

11. What type of lymphocyte responds to bacteria/fungi? Neutrophils

Question 7

12. What are the four ways host tissue is damaged in infectious disease? Direct contact (cytotoxic effects, tissue invasion, toxin release, and host reaction

Answer 7

12. What are the four ways host tissue is damaged in infectious disease? Direct contact (cytotoxic effects, tissue invasion, toxin release, and host reaction

Question 8

8. Name the 4 inherent and modifiable factors that influence susceptibility to disease.

Answer 8

General health, previous exposure, genetic determinants, behavioral

Question 9

9. What type of lymphocyte responds to viruses?

Answer 9

T-cells

Question 10

10. What type of lymphocyte responds to parasites?

Answer 10

Eosinophils

Question 11

11. What type of lymphocyte responds to bacteria/fungi?

Answer 11

Neutrophils

Question 12

12. What are the four ways host tissue is damaged in infectious disease?

Answer 12

Direct contact (cytotoxic effects, tissue invasion, toxin release, and host reaction

Question 13

13. The hosts immune system affects whether an infection stays localized or is disseminated. TRUE/FALSE

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

14. What mechanisms have organisms developed to evade the immune system?

Answer 14

Antigenic variation, resistance to phagocytosis, and pathogenic adaptation to host

Question 15

15. Antibiotic resistance would be an example of which type of the above methods?

Answer 15

Pathogenic adaptation

Question 16

16. What are the causes of immunodeficiency?

Answer 16

Drugs (anti-rejection meds), chronic diseases (autoimmune), chronic infection (HIV), and malnutrition

Question 17

22. Tears, saliva, and mucus are an example of what type of barrier?

Answer 17

Secretions

Question 18

23. Dysbiosis is what type of symbiotic relationship and why?

Answer 18

Parasitic, gut bacteria cause illness

Question 19

24. A healthy state of gut flora (probiosis) is an example of what type of symbiotic relationship? Why?

Answer 19

Mutualism, normal microbial flora is protective against pathogenic organisms

Question 20

25. Disrupted barriers, sexual contact, and mother-to-child transmission, are examples of what type of transmission?

Answer 20

Direct contact

Question 21

26. Getting the influenza virus from a door knob would be an example of what type of transmission?

Answer 21

Indirect contact

Question 22

27. What is the door knob called in this example?

Answer 22

A fomite

Question 23

28. Needle stick injury is an example of what type of transmission?

Answer 23

Blood born

Question 24

29. Measles infection through cough or sneeze is an example of what type of transmission?

Answer 24

Airborne

Question 25

30. A person with no signs of an infection who transmits the disease to another person is known as what?

Answer 25

An asymptomatic carrier

Question 26

31. Contaminated food, water, or soil is a route of transmission for infectious disease. TRUE/FALSE?

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

32. Give examples of vector born transmission.

Answer 27

Mosquitos – malaria, | ticks – lymes disease

Question 28

33. Name the 5 F’s.

Answer 28

food, fomites, fingers, feces, and flies

Question 29

34. What type of cell is bacteria and what are that cells defining factors?

Answer 29

Prokaryotic cell which is smaller and absent of nucleus and other organelles

Question 30

35. What are the ways bacteria are identified?

Answer 30

Culture, DNA sequencing, and histopathology

Question 31

37. Name and describe the 3 means of bacterial pathogenesis.

Answer 31

Direct tissue invasion (infected finger), toxins (toxic shock), immune mediated response (antigenic mimicry, immune complex formation, and granuloma formation)