Neoplasms Flashcards by S P

most deadly form of skin cancer

malignant melanoma-related to sun exposure

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Neoplasms composed of chromaffin cells with symptoms including hypertension, headaches, palpitations and diaphoresis

pheochromocytomas

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most aggressive of lung tumors, metastasize widely, and are virtually incurable by surgical means?

small cell (oat cell) carcinoma

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Most common bronchogenic carcinoma in women and non-smokers

adenocarcinoma (specifically bronchioloalveolar carcinoma)

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Most common bronchogenic carcinoma in men, and also closely related to smoking

epidermoid (squamous cell) carcinoma

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Lymphoma closely linked to Epstein-Barr virus

burkitt’s lymphoma (aggressive B cell lymphoma). African form involves maxilla or mandible and American form involves abdominal organs

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Infective agents associated with development of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas

EBV virus DNA, human T cell lymphotrophic virus, Herpesvirus 8, HIV infection, H pylori

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Which carcinoma accounts for 90% of all diagnosed malignant cancers of the oral cavity?

Squamous cell carcinoma

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What is the most common invasive cancer in humans?

Basal cell carcinoma-slow growing and rarely metastasize (ulcerative, indurated and locally destructive)

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What is the most severe tumor of the skin?

Malignant melanoma

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What is the most common malignancy of the GI tract and a major cause of morbidity and moratlity worldwide?

adenocarcinoma (specifically colorectal adenocarcinoma). This is associated with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Most common site sigmoid colon

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Most common cancer in males

Prostate cancer

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Most common benign neoplasms in women

Uterine leiomyomas (also called a fibroid)

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Most common pelvic tumor

uterine fibroid tumors

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malignant neoplasms derived from skeletal muscle that affects the throat, bladder, or vagina in infants and large muscle groups of arm and leg in elderly

rhabdomyosarcoma

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Most common cancer in females

breast cancer (almost always adenocarcinoma)

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most common location of breast cancer

Left breast, outer upper quadrant

Most common cause of a clinically palpable breast mass in women 28 to 44 years old

Fibrocystic disease of the breast

Rapidly metastasizing malignant tumor of placental tissue that typically causes profuse vaginal and intra-abdominal bleeding

choriocrcinoma

leading cause of death from cancer in both men and women

Bronchogenic carcinoma-subclassified into squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma (including brochioloalveolar carcinoma), small cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma

Cancer that arises from the pleura

mesothelioma

Most common type (40%) of bronchiogenic carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

Least common type (10%) of bronchiogenic carcinoma

Large cell (anaplastic)

Least common form of Hodgkin lymphoma

Lymphocyte depleted: associated with EBV infection and is also more common in persons with HIV; poorest prognosis

Most common form of Hodgkin lymphoma

Nodular lymphocyte: more frequently found in young women; preseence of lacunar cells (a Reed-Sternberg cell variant); prognosis relatively good

Plasma cell neoplasm characterized by multifocal involvement of the skeleton presenting with "punched-out" bone lesions, bence jones protein and B-cell proliferation

Multiple myeloma

What marker present in urine samples almost invariably confirms a diagnosis of multiple myeloma?

Bence Jones Protein

What are the histological features of malignancy?

hemhorrage and necrosis, anaplasia, hyperchromatism, pleomorphism and abnormal mitosis

Type of nonmalignant cellular growth, but may precede malgnant changes in tissue (associated with chronic irritations such as cigarette smoke)

Dysplasia

Term describing the substitution of one tissue normally ofund at a site of another. It is commonin the lower esophagus with GERD. Most common substitution is replacement of columnar cells by stratified squamous epithelium.

Metaplasia

Most common primary malignant tumor of bone

osteogenic sarcoma

Second most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents (osteosarcomas are the most common) the majority of which result from a chromosome rearrangement between #s 11 and 22.

Ewing sarcoma

What bone tumor of nonosseous origin is characterized by constipation and visual disturbance?

chordoma-derived from embryonic remnants of notochord; progresses slowly

Cutaneous disorder marked by hyperkeratosis and pigmentation of the axilla, neck, flexures, and anogenital region

Acanthosis nigricans-More than 1/2 of patients with this disorder have cancer (GI carcinomas, particularly of the stomach)

What are the three main ways malignant cells spread in the body?

lymphatics, bloodstream and direct extension

Leading cause of cancer death in children under 15 years of age

Leukemia

Most malignant form of leukemia

AML Acute myeloid leukemia-makes up 90% of acute leukemias diagnosed in adults

Least malignant type of leukemia

CLL-Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Form of leukemia primarily associated with Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome

CML-Chronic myelogenous leukemia (also present in a small % of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and myelogenous leukemia (AML)

Form of acute leukemia that is the most responsive to therapy and most common in children

ALL-Acute lymphoblastic leukemia