Neoplastic Diseases

Question 1

Characteristics of a benign neoplasm?

Answer 1

well defined, encapsulated, slow growing, hypovascularized

Question 2

What is the most common benign liver tumor?

Answer 2

Hemangiomas

Question 3

What are hemangiomas made up of?

Answer 3

blood vessels

Question 4

Hemangiomas

Answer 4

women, asymptomatic, increase with pregnancy/estrogen therapy

Question 5

Sonographic appearance of hemagiomas

Answer 5

small, well defined, homogenous, hyperechoic, slow flow not detected

Question 6

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia

Answer 6

hyperplastic lesion containing elements of normal tissue, women (influenced by hormones), asymptomatic, “stealth lesion”

Question 7

Sonographic appearance of FNH

Answer 7

subtle, less than 8cm, central hypoechoic, doppler flow centrally, hot/cold nodule

Question 8

What lesion is linked to oral contraceptives?

Answer 8

adenomas

Question 9

What other diseases are adenoma related to?

Answer 9

type 1 glycogen storage disease (GSD, von Gierk’s disease

Question 10

Sonographic appearance of adenomas

Answer 10

non specific echogenicity, 8-15cm, solid, solitary, central blood flow, cold nodule

Question 11

Lipoma

Answer 11

very rare in the liver, asymptomatic, hyperechoic, similar appearance to hemangioma

Question 12

What further imaging does a hemangioma require?

Answer 12

RBC scintigraphy

Question 13

What is the treatment for adenoma?

Answer 13

surgery

Question 14

how will the spleen appear with a neoplasm?

Answer 14

homogenous, hilum disrupted by vessels, inverted comma

Question 15

What is the most common benign neoplasm of the spleen?

Answer 15

cavernous hemangioma

Question 16

cavernous hemangioma

Answer 16

congenital, not common, asymptomatic, u/s not conclusive

Question 17

sonographic appearance of cavernous hemangiomas

Answer 17

hyperechoic to complex with cystic degeneration

Question 18

hamartoma

Answer 18

rare, lymphoid tissue, homogenous, solid, echogenic

Question 19

Lymphangioma

Answer 19

rare, lymphatic malformation, variable appearance, multi loculated cystic mass

Question 20

adenomas of the GB

Answer 20

true neoplasm, have stocks, asymptomatic, hyperechoic, homogenous, <10mm, hypovascular

Question 21

cholesterolosis

Answer 21

accumulation of cholesterol in the gallbladder wall

Question 22

Types of cholesterolosis

Answer 22

cholesterosis (strawberry gallbladder), cholesterol polyps

Question 23

T/F: polyps can be differentiated with u/s

Answer 23

False: they cannot be differentiated

Question 24

adenomyomatosis

Answer 24

GB; exaggeration of the RA sinuses, hyperechoic foci on wall of gb, commet tail artifact, fundus

Question 25

What is the most common Islet cell tumor?

Answer 25

insulinoma

Question 26

What percentage of islet cell tumors are functioning?

Answer 26

85% are functioning, 15% are non-functioning

Question 27

Where is an insulinoma usually found?

Answer 27

Body or tail of the pancreas -benign

Question 28

Sonographic appearance of islet cell tumor?

Answer 28

encapsulated, solitary, hypoechoic, variable in size, further testing for malignancy

Question 29

Angiomyolipoma - AML

Answer 29

``` cortex of the kidney fat, muscles, blood vessels females asymptomatic hyperechoic, unilateral, low flow ```

Question 30

What is angiomyolipoma associated with?

Answer 30

tuberous sclerosis (genetic seizures, form tumors in brain or other organs

Question 31

What can angiomyolipoma mimic?

Answer 31

renal cell carcinoma

Question 32

What is the difference between an adenoma and a oncocytoma?

Answer 32

Adenoma is <3cm oncocytoma is >3cm male>female, 6th - 7th decade

Question 33

What is the most common functioning of a adenoma in the kidney?

Answer 33

nonfunctioning - not producing hormones

Question 34

What can hyperfunction adenomas result in?

Answer 34

endocrine abnormalities: Cushing's syndrome -excess cortisol Conn's disease - excess aldosterone

Question 35

Myelolipoma

Answer 35

rare, may arise form zona fasciculata, non-functioning, asymptomatic males=females 5th- 6th decade

Question 36

What is the sonographic appearance of myelolipoma?

Answer 36

hyperechoic (contains fat), <5cm, creates propagation speed artifact

Question 37

pheochromocytoma

Answer 37

hyperfunctioning tumor of the medulla hypertension, palpitations, tachycardia, sweating 40-50 rt>lt

Question 38

What is pheochromocytoma associated with?

Answer 38

tuberous sclerosis and MEN syndrome

Question 39

Sonographic appearance of pheochromocytoma?

Answer 39

``` solid unilateral encapsulated hypoechoic homogenous heterogenous >2cm ```

Question 40

What is the most common tumor the abdomen wall?

Answer 40

Desmoid tumor

Question 41

Desmoid tumor

Answer 41

``` arises from connective tissue at surgical or laparoscopic site postpartum association females 20-40 hypoechoic, homogenous ```

Question 42

What tumor contains fat, mobile, soft on palpation, compressible and echogenic?

Answer 42

lipoma