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NURS 2015 > Neoplastic Disorders > Flashcards

Neoplastic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

How is cancer formed

A

begins with abnormal cells which are transformed by genetic mutations of DNA

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2
Q

characteristics of cancer

A

invasive
infiltrate other tissues
metastasis

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3
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase number of cells

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4
Q

metaplasia

A

conversion of cell type

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5
Q

dysplasia

A

bizarre cell growth resulting in cells that differ in size and shape or arrangement from other cells of same type of tissue

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6
Q

anaplasia

A

cells that lack normal cell characteristics, shape and organization

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7
Q

what is the result of anapaestic cell growth

A

cancer

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8
Q

neoplasia

A

uncontrolled cell growth that follows no demand

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9
Q

step by step on cells and how they become malignant

A

step 1: initiation
step 2: promotion
step 3: progression

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10
Q

what are the differences in benign and malignant growths

A 
different cellular characteristics
growth
how it grows
general effect
tissue destruction
ability to cause death
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11
Q

what are carcinogens

A 
viruses/bacteria
physical agents
chemical agents
genetics
dietary
hormones
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12
Q

what does staging of cancer determine

A

the size and metastasize

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13
Q

T classification is:

A

tumor size

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14
Q

N is:

A

lymph node

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15
Q

M is:

A

metastasis

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16
Q

cancer treatment goals:

A

cure
control
palliation
rehab

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17
Q

treatment modalities

A 
surgery
radiation
chemotherapy
bone marrow transplant
biologic response modifier treatment
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18
Q

different types of surgery for cancer

A 
diagnostic
recurrence
supportive
palliative 
reconstructive
preventative
19
Q

what is teletherapy

A

external radiation

20
Q

what is brachytherapy

A

internal therapy

21
Q

what care is important during radiation

A

skin and mouth care

22
Q

what kinds of chemo can you get

A 
IV
topical
oral
intra-arterial
intra-cavitary
intrathecal
23
Q

what systems can chemo effect?

A

all of them!

24
Q

how does a bone marrow transplant work and why would you need to get one

A

infusion of bone marrow cells into a patient
used for malignant and non-malignant patients
usually for leukaemia
goal to CURE

25
Q

allogenic bone marrow transplant

A

from donor other than the patient

26
Q

autologous bone marrow transplant

A

from the patient

27
Q

syngenic bone marrow transplant

A

from identical twin

28
Q

what is a biologic response modifier

A 
substance that modify a immune response:
FIGHT CANCER
monoclonal antibodies
retinoids
cytokines
interferon
colon stimulating factors
29
Q

what is febrile neutropenia

A

increase temperature (38.5 is the highest)
decrease white blood count
can occur in any patient receiving chemo

30
Q

what is Tumor lysis syndrome

A

associated with chemo or radiation
induced cell destruction of large or rapidly growing cancer cells
releasing intracellular contents from the tumour cells leading to imbalances of electrolytes

31
Q

spinal cord compression

A

pressure of vascular supply to spinal cord
back pain
depending on while nerve its pressing on it can manifest as many different symptoms
surgery can be done to fix

32
Q

hypercalcemia

A

Ca more abundant than the kidneys can excrete or bones can absorb

33
Q

syndrome of inappropriate secretions of ADH (SISADH)

A

continuous uncontrolled release of ADH
increasing ECF release volume, water intoxication, hyponatremia, increase excretion of urinary sodium
low sodium=irritability, muscles pain, headache, confusion, seizures, coma, death

34
Q

superior vena cava syndrom

A

obstruction of SVC reducing blood flow to the heart and reduce cardiac output
respiratory difficulty, facial swelling, distention of jugular vein

35
Q

pericardial effusion

A

fluid collecting in pericardial sac preventing heart from filling and contracting
tachycardia, dyspnea, cough, edema

36
Q

what does intrathecal chemo do

A

passes in the blood brain barrier

37
Q

why should you recheck the IV when inserting chemo

A

needle goes through vessel, putting chemo into tissues causing inflammation

38
Q

why is infection risk high during chemo

A

killing good and bad cells!

39
Q

why is nutrition bad in chemo treatment

A

sores in mouth
no appetite
tired
nausea

40
Q

what is important to remember when thinking about a system that highly effected with chemo

A

the ones you cannot see:
hematopoietic system- destroy blood cells
renal system- excretion issues
reproductive system- will chemo sterilize?

41
Q

where do people get bone marrow from?

A

hip bone

42
Q

the only procedure where the cell has to accept the body instead of the body accepting the cell

A

bone marrow transplant

43
Q

what system can be affected from the tutor lysis syndrome

A

kidneys! trying to filter out all the toxic stuff, over worked

NURS 2015 (7 decks)

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