Neoplastic Disorders

Question 1

How is cancer formed

Answer 1

begins with abnormal cells which are transformed by genetic mutations of DNA

Question 2

characteristics of cancer

Answer 2

invasive
infiltrate other tissues
metastasis

Question 3

hyperplasia

Answer 3

increase number of cells

Question 4

metaplasia

Answer 4

conversion of cell type

Question 5

dysplasia

Answer 5

bizarre cell growth resulting in cells that differ in size and shape or arrangement from other cells of same type of tissue

Question 6

anaplasia

Answer 6

cells that lack normal cell characteristics, shape and organization

Question 7

what is the result of anapaestic cell growth

Answer 7

cancer

Question 8

neoplasia

Answer 8

uncontrolled cell growth that follows no demand

Question 9

step by step on cells and how they become malignant

Answer 9

step 1: initiation
step 2: promotion
step 3: progression

Question 10

what are the differences in benign and malignant growths

Answer 10

different cellular characteristics
growth
how it grows
general effect
tissue destruction
ability to cause death

Question 11

what are carcinogens

Answer 11

viruses/bacteria
physical agents
chemical agents
genetics
dietary
hormones

Question 12

what does staging of cancer determine

Answer 12

the size and metastasize

Question 13

T classification is:

Answer 13

tumor size

Question 14

N is:

Answer 14

lymph node

Question 15

M is:

Answer 15

metastasis

Question 16

cancer treatment goals:

Answer 16

cure
control
palliation
rehab

Question 17

treatment modalities

Answer 17

surgery
radiation
chemotherapy
bone marrow transplant
biologic response modifier treatment

Question 18

different types of surgery for cancer

Answer 18

diagnostic
recurrence
supportive
palliative 
reconstructive
preventative

Question 19

what is teletherapy

Answer 19

external radiation

Question 20

what is brachytherapy

Answer 20

internal therapy

Question 21

what care is important during radiation

Answer 21

skin and mouth care

Question 22

what kinds of chemo can you get

Answer 22

IV
topical
oral
intra-arterial
intra-cavitary
intrathecal

Question 23

what systems can chemo effect?

Answer 23

all of them!

Question 24

how does a bone marrow transplant work and why would you need to get one

Answer 24

infusion of bone marrow cells into a patient
used for malignant and non-malignant patients
usually for leukaemia
goal to CURE

Question 25

allogenic bone marrow transplant

Answer 25

from donor other than the patient

Question 26

autologous bone marrow transplant

Answer 26

from the patient

Question 27

syngenic bone marrow transplant

Answer 27

from identical twin

Question 28

what is a biologic response modifier

Answer 28

``` substance that modify a immune response: FIGHT CANCER monoclonal antibodies retinoids cytokines interferon colon stimulating factors ```

Question 29

what is febrile neutropenia

Answer 29

increase temperature (38.5 is the highest) decrease white blood count can occur in any patient receiving chemo

Question 30

what is Tumor lysis syndrome

Answer 30

associated with chemo or radiation induced cell destruction of large or rapidly growing cancer cells releasing intracellular contents from the tumour cells leading to imbalances of electrolytes

Question 31

spinal cord compression

Answer 31

pressure of vascular supply to spinal cord back pain depending on while nerve its pressing on it can manifest as many different symptoms surgery can be done to fix

Question 32

hypercalcemia

Answer 32

Ca more abundant than the kidneys can excrete or bones can absorb

Question 33

syndrome of inappropriate secretions of ADH (SISADH)

Answer 33

continuous uncontrolled release of ADH increasing ECF release volume, water intoxication, hyponatremia, increase excretion of urinary sodium low sodium=irritability, muscles pain, headache, confusion, seizures, coma, death

Question 34

superior vena cava syndrom

Answer 34

obstruction of SVC reducing blood flow to the heart and reduce cardiac output respiratory difficulty, facial swelling, distention of jugular vein

Question 35

pericardial effusion

Answer 35

fluid collecting in pericardial sac preventing heart from filling and contracting tachycardia, dyspnea, cough, edema

Question 36

what does intrathecal chemo do

Answer 36

passes in the blood brain barrier

Question 37

why should you recheck the IV when inserting chemo

Answer 37

needle goes through vessel, putting chemo into tissues causing inflammation

Question 38

why is infection risk high during chemo

Answer 38

killing good and bad cells!

Question 39

why is nutrition bad in chemo treatment

Answer 39

sores in mouth no appetite tired nausea

Question 40

what is important to remember when thinking about a system that highly effected with chemo

Answer 40

the ones you cannot see: hematopoietic system- destroy blood cells renal system- excretion issues reproductive system- will chemo sterilize?

Question 41

where do people get bone marrow from?

Answer 41

hip bone

Question 42

the only procedure where the cell has to accept the body instead of the body accepting the cell

Answer 42

bone marrow transplant

Question 43

what system can be affected from the tutor lysis syndrome

Answer 43

kidneys! trying to filter out all the toxic stuff, over worked