NEP

Question 1

When and where was the NEP introduced by Lenin?

Answer 1

10th Party Congress in March 1921

Question 2

What does ROTCOM stand for?

Answer 2

Requisitioning abolished.
Ownership of small businesses encouraged.
Trade ban lifted.
COMmanding heights of industry with the state.

Question 3

What was the grain requisitioning replaced with?

Answer 3

a tax in kind - which said the peasants paid part to the state but could sell and surplus for profit.

Question 4

Why did Lenin re-open small scale businesses?

Answer 4

He realised that peasants would not sell produce unless there was goods they wanted for sale.

Question 5

What is the significance of the NEP policy?

Answer 5

It was a retreat from Bolshevik policy of state control, allowed for a revival of the petit bourgeois and gave breathing space to revive the economy.

Question 6

By how much did NEP increase cereal production?

Answer 6

It increased by 23% compared to 1920.

Question 7

By how much did NEP increase factory output?

Answer 7

200%

Question 8

By how much did NEP increase the wage of workers?

Answer 8

The average monthly wage of urban workers rose from 10.2 roubles in 1921 to 15.9 in 1923.

Question 9

What other materials saw a rise in output?

Answer 9

Coal, steel, finished cloth and electricity.

Question 10

By how much did NEP increase grain harvest?

Answer 10

It rose from 37.6 million tons in 1921 to 56.6 in 1923.

Question 11

What had reached its production levels of 1913 by 1926?

Answer 11

Industry.

Question 12

By how much did grain production from 1920 as a result of NEP?

Answer 12

over 25%

Question 13

By how much did the amount of land under cultivation rise?

Answer 13

It rose from 90 hectares in 1921 to 7.7 million hectares in 1922 to 91.7 million.

Question 14

What did the NEPmen do?

Answer 14

They brought up produce, grain, meat, eggs and vegetables to take to markets and sell.

Question 15

By 1923, how much retail trade did NEPmen handle?

Answer 15

3/4

Question 16

How many private traders was there in 1923?

Answer 16

25,000

Question 17

What significance did the initial ending of food shortages have?

Answer 17

It took the steam out of revolt and famine. It took away a part of vital opposition to the Bolsheviks.

Question 18

What did both inside and outside of the USSR feel that NEP marked the end of?

Answer 18

The communist experiment.

Question 19

Who did NEP lead to trade agreements between?

Answer 19

Germany in 1922 and Britain in 1924.

Question 20

What impact did NEP have on War Communism?

Answer 20

It improved it greatly however this was also due to the ending of the civil war and the first period of stability since the revolution.

Question 21

What impact did the NEP have on the amount of iron, steel and copper?

Answer 21

It increased greatly but never exceeded the amount for the last years of the Tsardom.

Question 22

What were the levels of pig iron (thousand tons) in 1913, 1924 and 1926?

Answer 22

1913 = 4216
1924 = 755
1926 = 2441

Question 23

What were the levels of steel (thousand tons) in 1913, 1924, and 1926?

Answer 23

1913 = 4231
1924 = 1140
1926 = 3141

Question 24

What were the levels of coal (million tons) in 1913, 1924 and 1926?

Answer 24

1913 = 29.0
1924 = 16.1
1926 = 27.6

Question 25

Why were the larger state-owned industries not successful?

Answer 25

They were heavily subsidised by the state and were inefficient.

Question 26

How was progress uneven?

Answer 26

The successes in agriculture outweighed the challenges to industry.

Question 27

What was the scissors crisis?

Answer 27

At the 12th Party Congress in 1923, Trotsky described it to show the rising industrial prices in comparison to the falling agricultural prices.

Question 28

What was formed by critics as a result of the scissors crisis?

Answer 28

Critics of the NEP formed a rival ‘platform of 46’ composed of 46 party members, including Trotsky, who blamed the government for a lack of a coherent plan.

Question 29

Why was requisitioning re-introduced in 1927?

Answer 29

Peasants were reluctant to sell food due to their low prices.

Question 30

What was the issue with agriculture during NEP?

Answer 30

It was still limited in mechanisation and modernisation.

Question 31

What was the issue with industry during NEP?

Answer 31

It was labour-intensive and inefficient. NEP did not allow the economy to take off after the initial recovery.

Question 32

How many tons short of grain were the USSR to feed the towns in 1928?

Answer 32

20 million

Question 33

Why were the USSR still seen as weak?

Answer 33

The rise of facism, the war scare and they were still reliant on foreign imports.

Question 34

What did Stalin argue about Russia?

Answer 34

They were still 100-150 years behind the West.