Nephro Flashcards
(19 cards)
ADPCKD gene is found on which chromosome
chromosome 16 mainly or
chr 4
Alport syndrome
X linked Dominant
🔼triad:
1. BILATERAL SNHL 👂
2. Renal dysfunction
3.lenticonus (eye)
electron microscopy finding of renal biopsy in Alport syndrome
splitting of lamina densa
most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in a child
Minimal change disease
types of ADPKD and which chromosome are the faulty genes on?
85% Type 1 ch 16
15% Type 2 ch 4
which type of ADPKD present early with renal failure?
Type 1
screening for ADPKD
Ultrasound
ADPKD Ultrasound criteria for diagnosis in positive family hx patients
two cysts in both kidneys if aged 30-59 years
two cysts, unilateral or bilateral, if aged < 30 years
# four cysts in both kidneys if aged > 60 years
# 2 cysts bilateral if 30-59 yrs
most common inherited cause of Kidney disease
ADPKD
the oly disease modifying drug for ADPKD
Tolvaptan
a vassopressin receptor antagonist that slows the increase in kidney volume in ADPKD
Tolvaptan side effects
polyuria
polydypsia
repeated liver function tests
histological finding on renal biopsy in chronic antibody mediated reject
CAMR >6Months
peritubular C4d deposition
CAMR
shows positive donor specific antibodies
HLA system has two classes
class 1 antigens A,B,C
Class 2 antigens DR,DQ,DP
Most important HLA antigen in renal transplant
DR>B>A
HLA gene is found on which chromosome
6
short arm
< 6months
Acute graft failure
- mostly t cell mediated due to HLA mismatch
- due to a cmv infection
aften assymptomatic, pyuria, protienuria
Acute graft failure mng
could be reversed by methylprednisolone
Chronic graft failure
- antibody mediated hence responds to plasmapheresis
- due to development of donor specific antibodies
- C4d positive on renal biopsy
- could be due to recurrence of renal disease
