Nephrology

Question 1

What patients are at a higher risk of developing UTIs?

Answer 1

• Structural abnormalities
• psycho-ureteric reflux
• abnormal bladder emptying

Question 2

What would you expect to see in imaging of a patient with psycho ureteric reflux?

Answer 2

Dilated ureters

Perhaps obstructive urology in male patients

Question 3

What imaging is appropriate in paediatric nephrology?

Answer 3

Renal US

DMSA Scan - shows scarring and cortical loss

Question 4

What is Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome?

Answer 4

Thrombosis in the small blood vessels triggered by Shiga toxin.

Question 5

What are the 3 signs of HUS?

Answer 5

Haemolytic anaemia, AKI, Thrombocytopenia (platelets used up in formation of thrombus).

Question 6

How will a patient with HUS typically present?

Answer 6

Presenting around Day 5 of (possibly bloody) diarrhoea with reduced urine output, haematuria, abdominal pain, hypertension and bruising.

Question 7

How do you treat HUS?

Answer 7

Antihypertensives
Blood Transfusion
Dialysis