Nephrology

Question 1

Congenital absence of one kidney. Asymptomatic

Answer 1

Unilateral kidney agenesis

Question 2

Fusion of lower poles of kidney: common anomaly. Associated with UTI and nephrolithiasis

Answer 2

Horse-shoe kidney

Question 3

Bladder is everted on abdominal wall

Answer 3

Exstrophy of urinary bladder

Question 4

Thoracic or pelvic kidney

Answer 4

Ectopic kidney

Question 5

Kidney cysts; autosomal recessive

Answer 5

Infantile polycystic kidney

Question 6

AutoZone will dominant; fluid filled cyst, bilaterally. Symptoms are compression of functional nephrons. Loin pain the matter urea loin masses anemia HTN and renal failure

Answer 6

Adult polycystic kidney

Question 7

Congenital absence of both kidneys. Infants are stillborn

Answer 7

Bilateral renal agenesis

Question 8

Common in females, E.coli, ascending infection. Clinical features are high fever, rigor, dysuria

Answer 8

Acute pyelonephritis

Question 9

Complications of acute polynephritis DM patients

Answer 9

Renal papillary nephritis

Question 10

Common in males, diabetics and people with nephrolithiasis, fibrosis kidney, Glomerular sclerosis. Clinical feature of chronic renal failure

Answer 10

Chronic pyelonephritis

Question 11

Impact of excessive use of aspirin like drugs – papillary necrosis

Answer 11

Analgesic nephritis

Question 12

Mercury and lead poisoning – coagulate of necrosis of the tubules

Answer 12

Metal toxicity

Question 13

Urate crystals deposit in the tubules causing obstruction of fibrosis

Answer 13

Gout

Question 14

Toxic tubular injuries from Bence jones protein urea

Answer 14

Multiple myeloma

Question 15

Increased calcium excretion in the urine leading to renal calculi

Answer 15

Hypercalcemia

Question 16

Bladder infection; dysurea, urinary frequency, lower pelvic/suprapubic discomfort

Answer 16

Cystitis

Question 17

Urethral information; dysuria urinary frequency and discharge

Answer 17

Acute urethritis

Question 18

Few glomeruli involved with nephritic and nephrotic syndrome

Answer 18

Focal glomerulonephritis

Question 19

Widely spread nephritic and nephrotic syndrome

Answer 19

Diffuse glomerulonephritis

Question 20

Parts of the glomerulus involved in nephritic and nephrotic syndrome

Answer 20

Segmental glomerulonephritis

Question 21

Entire glomerulus involved in nephrotic and nephrotic syndrome

Answer 21

Global glomerulonephritis

Question 22

Proteinurea, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hypercholesterolemia

Answer 22

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 23

Oliguria, hematuria, uremia, HTN, periorbital edema

Answer 23

Nephritic syndrome

Question 24

Common in children, fusion of foot processes of epithelial cells, features of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 24

Minimal change disease

Question 25

Common in childhood, after strep, shows nephritic syndrome

Answer 25

Post-strep glomerulonephritis

Question 26

End stage of post strep glomerulonephritis or good pasture syndrome. Shows nephritic syndrome

Answer 26

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Question 27

Children, shows systemic vascular is, involves skin kidney abdomen and joints rash on gluteal region, arthritis and mild proteinuria

Answer 27

Henoch-schnolein purpura

Question 28

In adults, nephrotic syndrome

Answer 28

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Question 29

Nephritic syndrome, adults affecting lungs and kidney

Answer 29

Good pasture syndrome

Question 30

Deposition of calcium phosphate in renal parenchyma associated with hypercalcemia

Answer 30

Nephrocalcinosis