Nephrology

Question 1

Describe Type 1 RTA?

Answer 1

@ distal renal tubule. Caused by lithium, causes alkalinzed urine, hypokalemia, cannot excrete H+
Tx- oral bicarb

Question 2

Describe Type 2 RTA?

Answer 2

@ proximal renal tubule. Caused by MM. Causes hypokalemia, cannot reabsorb bicarb. Tx with mild diuretic, replete K.

Question 3

Describe Type 4 RTA?

Answer 3

Hyper-renin and Hypo-aldo. Caused by DM. Causes hyperkalemia. Tx with fludrocortisone.

Question 4

Hematuria + hemoptysis

Answer 4

Goodpasture’s Syndrome (Abs to collagen IV)

Question 5

Hematuria + Deafness

Answer 5

Alport’s syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)

Question 6

Kiddo s/p viral URI w/ renal failure + abd pain, arthralgia, and purpura

Answer 6

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura. IgA. Supportive tx +/- steroids

Question 7

Kiddo s/p eating hamburger and diarrhea w/ renal failure, petechiae

Answer 7

HUS - d/t E.coli O157H7 or shigella

Question 8

Cardiac pt s/p ticlopidine w/ renal failure, MAHA, decreased platelets, fever, and AMS

Answer 8

TTP - tx with plasmapheresis

Question 9

c-ANCA, kidney, lung, and sinus involvement

Answer 9

Wegner’s Granulomatosis. Tx with steroids or cyclophosphamide

Question 10

p-ANCA, renal failure, asthma, and eosinophila

Answer 10

Churg Strauss. Tx with cyclophosphamide

Question 11

p-ANCA, NO lung involvement, Hep B

Answer 11

Polyarteritis Nodosa. Affets small/med arteries of every organ except the lung. Tx with cyclophosphamide.

Question 12

MC nephrotic syndrome in kiddos?

Answer 12

minimal change dz. Tx w/ steroids

Question 13

MC nephrotic syndrome in adults?

Answer 13

membranous nephropathy

Question 14

Nephrotic syndrome a/w heroin use and HIV?

Answer 14

FSGS

Question 15

Nephrotic syndrome a/w chronic hepatitis and low complement?

Answer 15

MPGN type II

Question 16

If nephrotic pt suddenly develops flank pain?

Answer 16

suspect renal vein thrombosis 2/2 peeing out ATIII, protein C and S. Do CT or US stat