nephrology Flashcards

(30 cards)

1
Q

do not correct hyponatremia faster than ______________

A

8mEq/L/day

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2
Q

do not correct hypernatremia faster than _____________

A

10mEq/day

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3
Q

location of type 2 RTA

A

Proximal tubule

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4
Q

location of type 1 RTA

A

Distal tubule

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5
Q

location of type 4 RTA

A

collecting duct

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6
Q

defect type of type 2 RTA

A

impaired HCO3 reabsorption

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7
Q

defect type of type 1 RTA

A

impaired H+ excretion

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8
Q

defect type of type 4 RTA

A

lack of/ no response to aldosterone

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9
Q

minimum urine pH of type 2 RTA

A

PH <5.5

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10
Q

minimum urine pH of type 1 RTA

A

pH >5.5

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11
Q

minimum urine pH of type 4 RTA

A

pH <5.5

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12
Q

which RTA do you see stones

A

type 1 RTA

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13
Q

RTA with high serum K+

A

type 4 RTA

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14
Q

BUN/Cr ratio >20 indicates

A

prerenal AKI

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15
Q

FeNa <1% or FEUrea<35%

A

prerenal AKI

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16
Q

muddy brown granular cast

17
Q

white cell casts

18
Q

envelope-shaped crystal on UA

A

Ethylene glycol

19
Q

most common cause of CKD

20
Q

Indication of hemodialysis

A
  • A: Severe acidosis
  • E: Electrolyte imbalances (severe hyperkalemia)
  • I: Intoxicants (encephalopathy not otherwise explained, lithium)
  • O: Overload (severe volume overload refractory to diuretics)
  • U: Uremic symptoms (uremic pericarditis, pleuritis)
21
Q

URI symptoms + hematuria

A

• IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease)

22
Q

• Hematuria + hemoptysis only

A

• Goodpasture’s syndrome

23
Q

Hematuria + deafness

A

• Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis)

24
Q

children > adults; abdominal pain + purpura (w/o

thrombocytopenia or coagulopathy) + arthralgias + renal disease

A

HSP/IgA vasculitis:

25
MAHA, thrombocytopenia, bloody diarrhea, acute renal injury→ renal failure; risks: age <5yrs. or > 75 yrs., shiga toxin-producing E. coli often implicated from raw meat, unpasteurized milk
HUS:
26
MAHA, thrombocytopenia, altered mental status, abd. pain/N/V, renal involvement common but less severe presentation
TTP:
27
lung involvement, sinus involvement, skin/purpura findings, neurologic dysfunction. ANCA+ glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Wegeners):
28
atopy/asthma, | eosinophilia, renal involvement →ANCA+ glomerulonephritis
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg Strauss):
29
arthralgias, rashes/ulcers, HTN, abd. pain, renal insufficiency, neurologic dysfunction. • Lungs usually spared • Not associated with ANCA • Associated with Hep B and Hep C infection
Polyarteritis nodosa:
30
Hyaline cast
Dehydration or normal