nephrology Flashcards
(30 cards)
do not correct hyponatremia faster than ______________
8mEq/L/day
do not correct hypernatremia faster than _____________
10mEq/day
location of type 2 RTA
Proximal tubule
location of type 1 RTA
Distal tubule
location of type 4 RTA
collecting duct
defect type of type 2 RTA
impaired HCO3 reabsorption
defect type of type 1 RTA
impaired H+ excretion
defect type of type 4 RTA
lack of/ no response to aldosterone
minimum urine pH of type 2 RTA
PH <5.5
minimum urine pH of type 1 RTA
pH >5.5
minimum urine pH of type 4 RTA
pH <5.5
which RTA do you see stones
type 1 RTA
RTA with high serum K+
type 4 RTA
BUN/Cr ratio >20 indicates
prerenal AKI
FeNa <1% or FEUrea<35%
prerenal AKI
muddy brown granular cast
ATN
white cell casts
AIN
envelope-shaped crystal on UA
Ethylene glycol
most common cause of CKD
DM
Indication of hemodialysis
- A: Severe acidosis
- E: Electrolyte imbalances (severe hyperkalemia)
- I: Intoxicants (encephalopathy not otherwise explained, lithium)
- O: Overload (severe volume overload refractory to diuretics)
- U: Uremic symptoms (uremic pericarditis, pleuritis)
URI symptoms + hematuria
• IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease)
• Hematuria + hemoptysis only
• Goodpasture’s syndrome
Hematuria + deafness
• Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis)
children > adults; abdominal pain + purpura (w/o
thrombocytopenia or coagulopathy) + arthralgias + renal disease
HSP/IgA vasculitis: