Nephron

Question 1

Nephron

Answer 1

Microscopic independent filtering units called nephrons, nephron filter, water and solute from blood.

Question 2

6 structures in the nephron

Answer 2

Glomerulus,
bowman capsule,
proximal tubule,
loop of henle,
distal tubule,
collecting duct

Question 3

Glomerulus

Answer 3

A microscopic ball of capillaries

Question 4

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 4

Cup like structure that filters and collects the leaking fluids forced out of the glomerulus

Question 5

Loop of henle

Answer 5

Continuation of the proximal that dips down into the renal medulla divided into two parts the descending loop and the ascending loop

Question 6

Distal tubule

Answer 6

As the ascending loop of Henle returns to the Renal cortex, it turns into the distal tubule

Question 7

Collecting duct

Answer 7

Collecting ducts funnel urine into the renal pelvis where it is collected and leaves the kidney via the ureter several nephrons drain urine into a single collecting duct

Question 8

Afferent arteriole

Answer 8

A small branch of the Renal artery this Effron arterial enters the nephron first with unfiltered blood

Question 9

Efferent arteriole

Answer 9

Filtered blood leaves in nephron through the Efferent arteriole which turns into a capillary network that surrounds the rest of the nephron

Question 10

Renal cortex

Answer 10

The outermost region of the kidney this is the site of filtration of wastes from blood

Question 11

Renal medulla

Answer 11

The middle region which regulates salt/water balance of blood

Question 12

Order of blood flow in each nephron

Answer 12

Renal artery
Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
Capillary network
Renal vein

Question 13

Renal artery

Answer 13

Artery that brings unfiltered blood to each kidney

Question 14

Capillary network

Answer 14

After going through the glomerulus, the efferent arteriole turns into a capillary network that surrounds the rest of the nephron

Question 15

Renal vein

Answer 15

That takes up the filtered blood away from the kidney

Question 16

3 processes of the nephron

Answer 16

Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion

Question 17

Glomerular filteration

Answer 17

Has blood enters the glow Mirlis, which is encased by the Bowmans capsule the blood entering the glomerulus is under pressure and the walls of the glomerular capillaries are semi permeable much of the plasma, and the solute dissolved in the plasma leave the blood through spaces in the glomerular capillaries the blood and dissolved materials that are filtered from the blood are known as filtrate plasma proteins, and blood cells are too large to pass through glomerulus and the membrane of the Bowmans capsule so they remain in the blood of the efferent arteriole

Question 18

Tubular reabsorption

Answer 18

Happens in the proximal tubule is where majority of the reabsorption of the filtrate happens, but also happens within different parts of the nephron like the distal tubule or the loop of Henley or collecting duct but majority in proximal tubule

Question 19

Tubular secretion

Answer 19

Happens in the distal tube, where additional substances pass from the blood into the filtrate through a process called secretion. These substances can include uric acid ammonia, some drugs, and toxic materials.
Some secretion happens in the proximal tubule but very little so majority of secretion happens in the distal tubule

The pH of blood is also adjusted by hydrogen ions that are separated from the blood into the filtrate

Question 20

Proximal tubule

Answer 20

Thin hollow tube that leads out of the Bowman’s capsule

Question 21

Renal pelvis

Answer 21

Hollow funnel like chamber that collects urine and directs it to the ureter

Question 22

Full flow of filtrate

Answer 22

Efferent arteriole into proximal tubular, which is the site of reabsorption of ion salts, etc., back into the blood infiltrate, then goes down into the descending loop of Henley, where it reaches the medulla, and as it gets saltier, more water gets drawn out and reabsorbed the bottom of loop of henly is where soltute concentration is at peak on the way up the ascending loop of henly salt becomes permeable, and water is not permeable, which means salt absorption happens in this area as it goes up and the interstitial fluid is less salty as it goes up then into the distal tubule where tubule secretion occurs as wastes get transferred into the filtrate from the blood, and also very little salts and ions get reabsorbed at this stage, then going down into the medulla into the collecting duct concentration of the interstitial fluid gets more salty, which leads to more water getting drawn out before it becomes urine. Then that urine goes into the renal pelvis down to the ureter into the bladder through the internal sphincter into the urethra outside the external sphincter.