Nephrotic syndrome Flashcards
What is in syndrome?
Nephrotic syndrome is defined as the presence of
proteinuria (>3.5 g/24 hours)
hypoalbuminaemia (<30 g/L) and
peripheral oedema
Hyperlipidaemia and thrombotic disease are also frequently seen
Hows it differ from nephritic syndrome briefly?
the urine contains few cells or casts. This is in contrast to nephritic syndrome whihc shows red cells, red cell casts
Aetiology of nephrotic syndrome?
Most commonly caused by: minimal change glomerulonephritis in children
However, ALL forms of glomerulonephritis can cause nephrotic syndrome
Other causes:
Diabetes mellitus - diabetic nephropathy
Sickle cell disease
Amyloidosis
Malignancies (lung and GI adenocarcinomas) 0 hodgkins lymphoma
Alport’s syndrome
HIV
What is minimal change disease?
Electron microscopy, however, classically demonstrates diffuse effacement of the epithelial cell foot processes.
other invx reveal minimal changes - LOOL DIKKEDs
What is alport’s syndrome?
Alport syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by kidney disease, hearing loss, and eye abnormalities.
Summarise the epidemiology of nephrotic syndrome
90% of nephrotic syndrome in CHILDREN is due to minimal change glomerulonephritis
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in ADULTS:
Diabetes mellitus
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Recognise the presenting symptoms of nephrotic syndrome
Family history of atopy (in those with minimal change glomerulonephritis)
Family history of renal disease
Swelling of face, abdomen, limbs, genitalia (due to hypoalbuminaemia)
Symptoms of the underlying cause (e.g. SLE)
Symptoms of complications
Investigations?
this coniditon is a triad use your brain -_-
Tests to identify the cause
SLE - ANA, anti-dsDNA antibodies
Infections:
Group A b-haemolytic streptococcal infection (ASO titre)
HBV infection (serology)
Plasmodium malariae (blood film)
Goodpasture’s Syndrome - anti-glomerular basement antibodies
Vasculitides - (check ANCA)
