Nephrotic syndrome in children Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Nephrotic syndrome in children Deck (6)
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1
Q

Triad of nephrotic syndrome and other features

A

Low serum albumin
High urine protein (>3+ dipstick)
Oedema

Deranged lipids e.g. high cholesterol, TG, LDLs
High BP
Hypercoagulability

2
Q

Presentation of nephrotic syndrome

A

Frothy urine
Oedema
Pallor

3
Q

Causes of nephrotic syndrome in children

A

Most commonly it is minimal change disease (>90% in under 10) - nephrotic syndrome without any clear underlying condition

Secondary to intrinsic kidney disease e.g. FSGS

Secondary to systemic illness e.g. HSP, DM

4
Q

Investigations

A
FBC
LFTs - (low serum albumin)
U&Es
Lipid profile
Clotting

BP

Urine dip
Urinalysis - (will show small molecular weight proteins and hyaline casts in minimal change disease)

5
Q

Management of nephrotic syndrome

A

High dose steroids e.g. prednisolone
Low salt diet
Diuretics - to treat oedema

Steroids for 4 weeks then gradually weaned

6
Q

Complications of nephrotic syndrome

A

Hypovolaemia - causing oedema and hypotension

Thrombosis - proteins that normally prevent blood clotting are lost in the kidneys, and because the liver responds to the low albumin by producing pro-thrombotic proteins

Acute or chronic renal failure

Relapse of the condition