Nerve 1

Question 1

The nervous system has 3 main functions ; what are they?

Answer 1

1. Sensory
2. Memory & thinking
3. Motor (muscle control)

Question 2

The central nervous system is composed of what two structures ?

Answer 2

Brain
Spinal cord

Question 3

What is the peripheral nervous system composed of?

Answer 3

Nerves and ganglia outside of CNS

Question 4

The peripheral nervous system can be divided into 2; what are these divisions ?

Answer 4

Somatic nervous system (skeletal muscle)
Autonomic nervous system (involuntary)

Question 5

Role of the brain and spinal cord in the CNS ?

Answer 5

Brain: sensation, motor control, thoughts, memory, emotions

Spinal cord: pathways to/from brain coordinates subconscious activities. Ex: stretch reflex, walking

Question 6

Peripheral nervous system involves nerves running to/from ____________ and _____________

Answer 6

Muscles
Organs

Question 7

Afferent vs Efferent

Answer 7

Afferent ( SENSOٍRY) : to spinal cord & brain

Efferent (MOTOR) : from brain to muscles/organs

Question 8

Cranial nerves VS spinal nerves

Answer 8

Cranial nerves emerge from brain ( brainstem) to head region

Spinal nerves emerge from spinal cord to body

Question 9

The brain is divided into six major parts. What are they?

Answer 9

1. Cerebrum
2. Thalamus and hypothalamus.
3. Cerebellum.
4. Midbrain.
5. Pons
6. Medulla oblongata

Question 10

Telencephalon is another name for………?

Answer 10

Cerebrum

Question 11

Mesencephalon is another name for………?

Answer 11

Midbrain

Question 12

Thalamus and hypothalamus are parts of which brain portion

Answer 12

Diencephalon

Question 13

The cerebrum is divided into two…………………?

Answer 13

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 14

The two cerebral hemispheres are connected to each other through which structures?

Answer 14

Corpus callosum
Anterior commissure

Question 15

What are the lobes of the brain?

Answer 15

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

(There are also Insula and Limbic lobes)

Question 16

The cerebrum is divided into a left and right hemisphere by what?

Answer 16

Longitudinal fissure

Question 17

What fissure/sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the Temporal lobe?

Answer 17

Lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure)

Question 18

What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

Answer 18

Central sulcus

Question 19

What separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?

Answer 19

Parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 20

Functional areas of cerebral cortex :

Where are the motor areas?

Answer 20

In frontal lobe

Question 21

Motor cortex

• where is it?
• what is it responsible for?

Answer 21

Anterior to central sulcus

Control specific movements (finger)

Question 22

Premotor cortex

• where is it?
• what is it responsible for?

Answer 22

Anterior to motor cortex

Sequence of movement (learned skills)

Question 23

Prefrontal area

• where is it?
• what is its role?

Answer 23

Anterior half of frontal lobe

Thought processes and planning 

Question 24

True or false

The prefrontal area is the highest center

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Where is the somesthetic (somatic sensory) areas

Answer 25

Entire parietal lobe

Question 26

Somesthetic (somatic sensory) areas are responsible for?

Answer 26

Sensations from the body touch, position, temperature, and pain This is done through: - primary sensory signals - secondary sensory signals

Question 27

Primary sensory signals VS secondary sensory signals

Answer 27

-Primary sensory signals: signals from receptors Ex: feeling a touch on your skin -Secondary sensory signals : meaning of signals Ex: feeling insect crawling on your skin

Question 28

Where are the visual areas

Answer 28

Entire occipital lobe

Question 29

Primary visuals areas vs secondary visual areas

Answer 29

Primary : light, dark, lines Secondary: meaning

Question 30

Where are the auditory areas Primary auditory vs secondary auditory

Answer 30

Temporal lobe - primary : tones, loudness - secondary: meaning

Question 31

Label the functional areas of cerebral cortex 

Answer 31

Question 32

Cells of the nervous system

Answer 32

Neurons Glial cells

Question 33

List some glial cells

Answer 33

Astrocytes Microglia Oligodendrocytes Schwann cells Ependymal cells

Question 34

Functions of glial cells

Answer 34

- Play a major role in the blood brain barrier, BBB - Control extracellular environment of neurons (recycle neurotransmitters and chemicals)

Question 35

Which glial cells are responsible for myelination

Answer 35

Oligodendrocytes ( CNS ) Schwann cells ( PNS )

Question 36

Describe the myelination with Oligodendrocytes VS Schwann cells

Answer 36

ONE oligodendrocyte myelinates MANY axons SEVERAL Schwann cells myelinate ONE axon

Question 37

Role of Microglia

Answer 37

Immune competent cells in the CNS that are activated during CNS inflammation

Question 38

Describe the structure and function of a neuron

Answer 38

Cell body: nourishment Dendrites : receive signals Axon : nerve, fiber, sends signals Synapses: axon contac ending contacts dendrite, soma, or axon