Nerve and Blood Supply of the Back Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
Connective tissue membranes
A
Meninges
2
Q
Types of meninges
A
- Dura
- Arachnoid
- Pia
3
Q
Meningeal spaces
A
- Subarachnoid space
- Subdural space
- Epidural space
4
Q
Meningeal space filled with CSF and arteries
A
Subarachnoid space
5
Q
Meningeal space where veins are located
A
Subdural space
6
Q
Meningeal space where fat is located
A
Epidural space
7
Q
Where does the spinal cord begin?
A
Medulla
8
Q
Where does the spinal cord end?
A
Conus medullaris
9
Q
Conical distal end of the spinal cord
A
Conus medullaris
10
Q
Where is the conus medullaris?
A
L1-L2 vertebral level
11
Q
Nerve roots extending beyond conus medullaris
A
Cauda equina
12
Q
Cell bodies of alpha and gamma motor neurons (LMN)
A
Ventral horn
13
Q
T1-L2= Preganglionic sympathetic neurons
S2-S4= Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
A
Intermediolateral gray
14
Q
Sensory cell bodies
A
Dorsal horn
15
Q
Where is spinal nerve C1 found?
A
Between occipital and atlas
16
Q
Where is C2 found
A
Between atlas and axis
17
Q
Where is C3 found
A
Between C2 and C3
18
Q
Where is C8 found
A
Between C7 and T1
19
Q
Where is T1 found
A
Between T1 and T2
20
Q
Sensory (afferent) root
A
Dorsal root
21
Q
Ganglion on dorsal root commanding cell bodies of sensory neurons in the dorsal route (pseudounipolar)
A
Dorsal root ganglion
22
Q
Motor (efferent) root
A
Ventral root
23
Q
What are ventral roots formed by
A
Union of smaller ventral rootlets from ventral side of spinal cords
24
Q
Each represents a fusion of two roots
A
Spinal nerve
25
Where are spinal nerves formed?
Intervertebral foramen
26
What do spinal nerves divide into?
Dorsal and ventral rami
27
Difference between rami and roots
Roots: Inside vertebral canal and join to form spinal nerve
Rami: Outside intervertebral foramen and represent bifurcation of spinal nerve
28
What do dorsal rami divide into?
Medial and lateral branches
29
Provides motor innervation to intrinsic muscles of the back
Dorsal rami
30
Branches of the dorsal rami in which all levels supply muscles, only levels T6 and UP are also cutaneous to upper back
Medial branches
31
Branches of the dorsal rami in which all levels supply muscles, only levels T6 and BELOW are also cutaneous to lower back and medial gluteus region
Lateral branches
32
These dorsal rami do not split into medial and lateral branches
- C1
- S4/S5
- Cx1
33
What do both branches of cervical nerves supply?
Intrinsic back muscles
34
Medial branches of C2, C3, C4, and usually C5 become what?
Cutaneous
35
What is the dorsal ramus of C1 called?
Suboccipital nerve
36
Does the suboccipital nerve divide into medial and lateral branches?
No
37
Largest of all dorsal rami
C2
38
What is the medial branch of dorsal ramus of C2 called?
Greater occipital nerve
39
What is the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of C2 cutaneous to?
Large are of the back and scalp
40
What is the medial branch of dorsal ramus of C3 called?
Third occipital nerve
41
All thoracic dorsal rami are divided into:
Medial and lateral branches
42
Thoracic dorsal rami that have medial branches becoming cutaneous after innervating intrinsic muscles
T1-T6
43
Medial branches of T1-T6 supply and pass between which muscles, supplying them?
- Semispinalis
- Multifidis
44
Medial branches of T1-T6 pierce which muscles to become cutaneous?
- Rhomboids
- Trapezius
45
From T1-T6, the lateral branch remains purely:
Muscular
46
Lateral branches of T1-T6 pass between which muscles, supplying the remaining intrinsic muscles?
- Longissimus
- Iliocostalis
47
Thoracic dorsal rami that have lateral branches becoming cutaneous after innervating intrinsic muscles
T7-T12
48
What do the medial branches of the lumbar dorsal rami supply?
Multifidi
49
What do the lateral branches of the lumbar dorsal rami supply?
- Erector spinae
- Lateral branches of L1-L3 become cutaneous
50
Ventral rami motor innervation
Hypaxial muscles including limbs
51
Ventral rami cutaneous innervation
Most of the body except head and back
52
Ventral rami plexuses
- Cervical plexus
- Brachial plexus
- Lumbosacral plexus
53
What does the cervical plexus innervate?
C2-C4, innervates neck, parts of the head and shoulders
54
What does the brachial plexus innervate?
C5-T1, innervates the pectoral girdle and upper limbs
55
What does the lumbosacral plexus innervate?
L1-S4, innervates the pelvic girdle and lower limbs
56
Areas of skin innervated by cutaneous branches of a single spinal nerve
Dermatomes
57
Dermatome C5-T1
Upper extremity
58
Dermatome C5
Thumb
59
Dermatome C7
Middle finger
60
Dermatome C8
Pinky
61
Dermatome T4
Nipple
62
Dermatome T10
Umbilicus
63
Dermatome L1-S2
Lower extremity
64
Dermatome L1
Groin
65
Dermatome L4
Shin and medial foot
66
Dermatome L5
Lateral leg and top of foot
67
Dermatome S1
Pinky toe and bottom of foot
68
In the thoracic region, arteries are the dorsal branches of
The posterior intercostal arteries
69
In the lumbar region, arteries are dorsal branches of
The four paired lumbar arteries
70
Branches of the descending aorta
- Posterior intercostal arteries (except the first two)
- All lumbar arteries
71
Circulatory system is composed of? Is this seriously a question?
- Arteries
- Veins
- Lymph vessels/nodes
- Heart
72
Central to circulatory system
Heart (duh)
73
Receives de-oxygenated blood. Sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation
Right side of the heart
74
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and returns it to the body
Left side of the heart
75
Created by the union of blood channels.
Anastomoses
76
Arteries branch to smaller...
Arterioles
77
Arterioles give rise to...
Capillaries
78
How thick are capillaries
So thick that yo mama.....I mean a single cell layer thick
79
An alternative route of circulation to a body part created by anastomoses of arterial channels. Similarly, there may be collateral venous return created by anastomoses of venous channels
Collateral circulation
80
Where is collateral circulation frequent?
Around joints of the limbs
81
Anastomostic vessels proceeding from superior to inferior are termed
Collateral vessels
82
Anastomostic vessels proceeding from inferior to superior are termed
Recurrent vessels
83
From the right ventricle to the lungs to the left atrium
Pulmonary circulation
84
From the left ventricle to the body to the right atrium
Systemic circulation
85
Descending aorta above the diaphragm
Thoracic aorta
86
Descending aorta below the diaphragm
Lumbar aorta
87
Ascending aorta branches
- Right coronary artery
- Left coronary artery
88
Direct branches of the arch of the aorta
- Brachiocephalic trunk (right)
- Left common carotid artery
- Left subclavian artery
89
Direct branches of the brachiocephalic trunk
- Right common carotid artery
- Right subclavian artery
90
Direct branches of the right and left subclavian arteries
- Vertebral artery
- Thyrocervical trunk
- Costocervical trunk
91
Direct branches of the right and left common carotid arteries
Occipital artery
92
Direct branches of the right thyrocervical trunk
- Transverse cervical artery
- Internal thoracic artery
93
Direct branches of the right and left costocervical trunks
- Highest intercostal
- Deep cervical
94
Direct branches of the left thyrocervical trunk
Transverse cervical artery
95
Direct branches of the transverse cervical artery
Superficial and deep branches
96
Direct branches of the internal thoracic artery (branch of the subclavian artery)
Anterior intercostal arteries
97
Direct branches of the descending thoracic aorta
Posterior intercostal arteries
98
Direct branches of the descending abdominal aorta
Lumbar arteries
99
Venous return is via
Vena cava
100
Venous return from the head and neck and upper limbs
Superior vena cava
101
Venous return from abdomen and lower limbs
Inferior vena cava
102
Functions of the lymphatic system
- Drains interstitial fluid from tissue spaces
- Cleans and returns cellular waste to blood
- Produces agranular leukocytes to develop immunity
103
95% of the lymph content is drained from where?
GI tract
104
Drains lymph to nodes
Afferent vessels
105
Drains lymph from nodes to larger lymph channels
Efferent vessels
106
Major lymph channel of the body
Thoracic duct
