nerve cells

Question 1

why do we have a nervous system

Answer 1

-diffusion is too slow beyond cellular level
-highly effective over long distances
-the nervous system provides rapid, precise data transfer allowing animals to anaylze and respond to their external and internal environments
-evolved in response to the evolution of movements

Question 2

who came up with the reticular theory

Answer 2

Camillo Golgi
-he stated that the nervous system is one continuous meshwork

Question 3

who came up with cell theory

Answer 3

Santiago Ramon
he stated that the nervous system is composed of individual cells

Question 4

who created the term neurones

Answer 4

heinrich wilhelm

Question 5

how many neurones are in the human brain

Answer 5

10 to the power of 11

Question 6

neuroglia

Answer 6

this term was created by rudolf virchow
-neuroglia are used to support nerve cells and stick them together

Question 7

structure of a neurone

Answer 7

-cell body (soma/ perikaryon) which is bounded by a plasma membrane
-nucleus
-mitochondria in the cytosol
-ribosomes & rough ER
-smooth Er % golgi body
-lysosomes
-peroxisosmes

Question 8

feature of dendrites

Answer 8

-highly branched
-increased surface area
-receive incoming signals via receptor proteins

Question 9

axon hillock

Answer 9

this is the orgin of axon
point of nerve impulse (action potential) generation
first 50-100 nanometres after the axon hillock = the initial segment

Question 10

synapse

Answer 10

-point of inter-cellular communication
-unidirectional (mostly)

Question 11

3 main types of neurotransmitter

Answer 11

-amino acids e.g. glutamate/ glycine
-amines e.g. adrenaline /Ach
-peptides e.g. substance p