Nerve cells and Nerve impulses

Question 1

What are the two kinds of cells in the nervous system?

Answer 1

Neurons and Glia

Question 2

Who is the pioneer of neuroscience?

Answer 2

Santiago Ramon Y Cajal

Question 3

Neurons have much in common with the rest of the body’s cells are:

Answer 3

Membrane, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Question 4

Receives excitation through its dendrites and conducts impulses along its axon to a muscle.

Answer 4

Motor neuron.

Question 5

Specialized at one end to be highly sensitive to a particular type of stimulation, such as light, sound, or touch.

Answer 5

Sensory neuron.

Question 6

Branching fibers that gets narrower near their ends.

Answer 6

Dendrites.

Question 7

Contains the nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria.

Answer 7

Cell body / Soma.

Question 8

Thin fiber of constant diameter. It also conveys an impulse toward the other neurons, an organ, or a muscle.

Answer 8

Axon.

Question 9

Insulating material.

Answer 9

Myelin sheath

Question 10

End of each branch.

Answer 10

Presynaptic terminal.

Question 11

Brings information into a structure.

Answer 11

Afferent axon.

Question 12

Carries away information from a structure.

Answer 12

Efferent axon.

Question 13

It remove dead neurons and waste products from the nervous system. It also nourish and insulate neurons, form a myelin, and it also play role in neural transmission messages.

Answer 13

Glia.

Question 14

Dilate the blood vessels to bring more nutrients into brain areas that have heighted activity.

Answer 14

Astrocytes.

Question 15

Contribute to learning by removing the weakest synapses.

Answer 15

Microglia.

Question 16

Supply the axon with nutrients necessary for
proper functioning.

Answer 16

Oligodendrocytes.

Question 17

Guide the migration of neurons and their axons and dendrites during embryonic development.

Answer 17

Radial glia.

Question 18

• Electrical message that is transmitted down the axon of a neuron.
• Does not travel directly down the axon but is regenerated at points along the axon.
• Speed is approximately 1 m/s to 100 m/s.

Answer 18

Nerve impulses.

Question 19

• state of the neuron prior to the sending of a nerve impulse.
• helps fire up.
• prepares the neuron to respond rapidly.

Answer 19

Resting potential.

Question 20

• A difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of the cell
• (How many Na+ or K+)
• The electrical potential inside the membrane is slightly negative with respect to the outside, mainly because of negatively charged proteins inside the cell

Answer 20

Electrical gradient (polarization).

Question 21

• The process of transmitting nerve impulse.
• Messages sent by axons

Answer 21

Action-potential

Question 22

The change which means increased polarization.

Answer 22

Hyperpolarization

Question 23

The amplitude and velocity of an action potential are independent of the intensity of the stimulus that initiated it, provided that the stimulus reaches the threshold.

Answer 23

All-or-none law

Question 24

A protein-mediated process that expends energy to pump chemicals from the blood into the brain.

Answer 24

Active transport