Nerve, muscle and NMJ pathology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Nerve, muscle and NMJ pathology Deck (24)
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1
Q

What is the cause of Lambert eaton syndrome?

A

autoimmune often have underlying malignancy

2
Q

What is the cause of myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune

3
Q

What is the cause of Duchennes muscular dystrophy?

A

Genetic

4
Q

What is a paraneoplastic syndrome?

A

confusing, diverse range of conditions caused by malignant tumours (caused by different substances tumours secrete)

5
Q

What is motor neurone disease?

A
  • progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurone

- unknown cause

6
Q

What are the symptoms?

A
  • difficulty moving limbs + weakness
  • speaking
  • swallowing
  • breathing
7
Q

What is the cause of motor neurone disease?

A

idiopathic

8
Q

What nerves are usually affected in MND?

A

both upper and lower motor neurones

9
Q

What part of the NMJ does Lambert eaton affect?

A

Ca2+ channels on the motorneurone

- autoantibodies against the calcium channels

10
Q

What are the symptoms of Eaton Lambert syndrome?

A
  • muscle weakness
  • hyporeflexia
  • arefelxia
  • autonomic dysfunction
11
Q

What is the most common cancer causing Lambert eaton?

A

lung cancer (specifically small cell carcinoma)

12
Q

What autoantibody is present in myasthenia gravis?

A

autoantibodies for Ach receptors

13
Q

Why is thymus relevant to MG?

A

removal of thymus gland as can be hyper plastic in MG, can reduce symptoms (due to involvement with T cell maturation)

14
Q

What organ is often enlarged n MG?

A

hyperplasia of thymus

15
Q

What tests should be done to diagnose polymiositis?

A
  • muscle biopsy
  • blood test for autoantibodies
  • lots of different autoantibodies can be present
16
Q

What are the symptoms of polymiositis?

A
  • chronic muscle inflammation

- chronic muscle weakness

17
Q

What histology would support rheumatoid arthritis?

A

lymphocytic infiltration

18
Q

How is Duchennes muscular dystrophy inherited?

A

X-chromosome linked

19
Q

What protein is involved in Duchennes muscular dystrophy?

A

dystrophin which is an important cell membrane protein in muscle cells

20
Q

What histological findings would be seen in Duchennes muscular dystrophy?

A

by endstage fatty infiltration

21
Q

Why is Duchennes muscular dystrophy described as causing pseudo hypertrophy?

A

muscle is enlarged but due to fatty infiltration not muscle atrophy

22
Q

Why is Duchennes muscular dystrophy described as causing pseudo hypertrophy?

A

muscle is enlarged but due to fatty infiltration rather than muscle growth

23
Q

What are the symptoms of MG?

A
  • non-constant muscle weakness
  • often affects eyes and face first
  • triggered by stress, infections and medication
  • droopy eyelids, double vision
24
Q

What are the symptoms of Duchennes muscular dystrophy?

A
  • enlarged calf muscles
  • delayed motor development
  • muscle weakness progressive
  • waddling gait
  • cardiomyopathy