Nerve Tissue

Question 1

What is the CNS?

Answer 1

BRain and Spinal cord

Question 2

WHat is PNS?

Answer 2

nerves that extend from the CNS into the periphery

Question 3

What does afferent mean?

Answer 3

Sensory input

Question 4

What does efferent mean?

Answer 4

Motor output

Question 5

Ganglia

Answer 5

clusters of neuoronal cell bodies in the PNS

-in CNS they can be referred to as nuclei

Question 6

What are the two types of cells in nerve tissue?

Answer 6

neurons and supporting cells neuroglia

Question 7

What are the two parts of the neuron?

Answer 7

the cell body (soma) and cell processes

Question 8

what is neuroglia?

Answer 8

neuron supporting cells

Question 9

What is larger, the neuron or its surrounding glial cells?

Answer 9

the neuron

Question 10

What does the cell body do?

Answer 10

processes electrical info

Question 11

what are the large clusters of the rER that take are basophilic?

Answer 11

Nissl bodies

Question 12

What do dendrites do?

Answer 12

Carry electrical signals toward the nerve cell body

Question 13

What does an axon do?

Answer 13

Carries electrical signals away from the nerve cell body

Question 14

What is the synapse?

Answer 14

where electrical signals are transferred from the axon terminal of the nerve to an effector cell

Question 15

How are neurons classified?

Answer 15

based on the relationship between the nerve cell body, dendrites, and the axon

Question 16

What are the four classes of neurons?

Answer 16

• Anaxonic: no distinct axon
• Multipolar: many dendrites
• Bipolar: One dendrite and one axon
• Unipolar: one cell process from which branches a single axon and single dendrite

Question 17

What are the different functional classifications of neurons?

Answer 17

• Sensory (afferent): carry signals into CNS, most unipolar
• Motor (efferent): Carry signals away from CNS, most multipolar
• Interneuron: found bw sensory and motor neurons and are located in the CNS. make up most of the neurons found in the CNS

Question 18

What are the different kinds of Glial cells?

Answer 18

In the CNS
-Oligodendrocytes
-Microglial
-Astrocytes
-Ependymal cells
In the PNS
-Satellite 
-Schwann

Question 19

What are Oligodendrocytes?

Answer 19

have processes that form myelin sheaths around CNS nerve fibers

Question 20

What are ependymal cells?

Answer 20

cuboidal-like epithelia cells

• have both cilia and microvilli
• line cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities

Question 21

What is the CSF?

Answer 21

cerebrospinal fluid

-forms as a filtrate of the blood

Question 22

Satellite cells?

Answer 22

surrounds the cell body of a neuron

Question 23

Schwann cells

Answer 23

form myelin

surround neurons in the PNS

Question 24

What is the myelin sheath made out of in the PNS and the CNS

Answer 24

Schwann cells in PNS

Oligodendrocytes in CNS

Question 25

What do the nodes of ramvier do?

Answer 25

Make the transmission of signal quicker.

Question 26

What are the different structural features of the peripheral nerves?

Answer 26

endoneurium-loose CT bw axons - Perineurium: dens irregular CT surrounding clusters of axons - Epineurium: dense irregular CT surrounding nerve bundles

Question 27

Types of Synapses?

Answer 27

- Chemical: mediated by Neurotransmitter (nerve to nerve or nerve to skeletal muscle) - Electrical synapse: mediated through gap junctions (smooth muscle and cardiac)

Question 28

What are the 3 ways that acetylcholine dissappears?

Answer 28

taken up by pre or post synaptic membrane | -degraded by acetylcholinesterase

Question 29

Motor end plates

Answer 29

Places where nerves connect with muscle

Question 30

What is in the spinal cord?

Answer 30

White and Gray matter

Question 31

White matter

Answer 31

outer region of the spinal cord - made of myelinated and not myelinated axons - allows communication between spinal cord and brain

Question 32

Gray matter

Answer 32

neuroglia and neuro cell bodies - looks like an "H" - has cell bodies with interneurons and motor neurons