Nerves

Question 1

Full Nernst equation?

Answer 1

RT/zF x ln(C ref/C test)

Question 2

Short Nernst equation?

Answer 2

58log(C ref/C test)

Question 3

Goldman equation?

Answer 3

RT/F x ln (Pk x [K0])/(Pk x [K1]) etc.

Question 4

Threshold potential?

Answer 4

-55mV

Question 5

Equilibrium potential of Ca?

Answer 5

150

Question 6

Equilibrium potential of Na?

Answer 6

58

Question 7

Equilibrium potential of H?

Answer 7

-12

Question 8

Equilibrium potential of Cl?

Answer 8

-64

Question 9

Equilibrium potential of K?

Answer 9

-90

Question 10

How many coulombs is one mole of electrons - the Faraday constant?

Answer 10

96500

Question 11

The two types of muscle fibres?

Answer 11

Extrafusal generates force, spindle/stretch send info back to spinal cord

Question 12

Capacitance=?

Answer 12

charge/voltage

Question 13

Capacitance of biomembranes?

Answer 13

1 micro Farad

Question 14

Time to diffuse xcm?

Answer 14

x^2/2D (where D=diffusion constant)

Question 15

What is the time constant?

Answer 15

Rm x Cm, time to change voltage by 63%

Question 16

If Na conc increases x10, what’s the equilibrium potential change?

Answer 16

58mV

Question 17

Iion?

Answer 17

Gion x (Vm - Eion)

Question 18

What is the length constant?

Answer 18

63% change or sqrt(Rm/Ri)

Question 19

What is the critical diameter?

Answer 19

Below 1 micron

Question 20

What do F type primary active transporters do?

Answer 20

ATP synthase in mitochondria, mechanism involves rotation

Question 21

What do V type primary active transporters do?

Answer 21

Transports H+ > vesicles e.g. lysosomes, golgi

Question 22

What do P type primary active transporters do?

Answer 22

Na+ and Ca2+ pumps, both have low conc inside cell

Question 23

What are ABC transporters?

Answer 23

Have motif in structure, either uses ATP or has it as cofactor

Question 24

What are SLC transporters?

Answer 24

No role for ATP, get energy from electrochemical gradient, can be cotransporter, antiporter or Na-dependent glutamate uptake transporter (removed excess glutamate in glial cells)

Question 25

How is intracellular K+ regulated?

Answer 25

Blood K+, controlled blood osmolarity, Na+ pump

Question 26

Another word for exchanger?

Answer 26

Antiporter

Question 27

Another word for cotransporter?

Answer 27

Symporter

Question 28

Which muscle cell types are electrical synapses found between?

Answer 28

Smooth and cardiac

Question 29

Where is the end plate?

Answer 29

Presynaptic terminal

Question 30

Other names for the post-synaptic potential?

Answer 30

End plate potential or excitatory junctional potential

Question 31

What are connections between electrical synapses called?

Answer 31

Connexons

Question 32

What is an excitatory integratory synpase compared to a relay synapse?

Answer 32

Depolarises motoneurone but not always creating an action potential WHEREAS relay synapses always fire an action potential

Question 33

What initiates muscle action in striated muscle?

Answer 33

EPP

Question 34

Which channels do inhibitory transmitters open?

Answer 34

Cl-

Question 35

What kind of synapse is an end plate?

Answer 35

Relay - always excites muscle

Question 36

What kind of an end plate is a sensory synapse?

Answer 36

Integratory - only causes small excitation

Question 37

What are ionotropic receptors?

Answer 37

Where receptor itself is an ion channel

Question 38

What are metabotropic receptors?

Answer 38

Where the receptor starts a cascade to open an ion channel

Question 39

What is the most potent inhibitor?

Answer 39

GABA

Question 40

Is glutamate excitatory or inhibtory?

Answer 40

Excitatory almost everywhere

Question 41

What kind of an ion channel is nAchR?

Answer 41

Fast excitatory ionotropic

Question 42

What kind of an ion channel is mAchR?

Answer 42

SLow ex/in metabotropic?

Question 43

What are the three gases in neurotransmission?

Answer 43

CO, NO, H2S

Question 44

What/where are NA synapses?

Answer 44

Slow synaptic transmitter in CNS and smooth and cardiac muscle

Question 45

What/where are serotonin synapses?

Answer 45

Slow, in CNS and smooth muscle. Many different receptors, only one is ionotropic

Question 46

What/where are dopamine receptors?

Answer 46

SLow synaptic transmission in central and periphery NS