Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Sexuality > Nerves > Flashcards

Nerves Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the 3 functions of the nervous system?

A
  1. Uses sensory receptors to monitor changes occurring inside and outside of the body. Each change is called a stimulus, gathering info = sensory input
  2. Processes and interprets the sensory input and makes decisions about should be done at each moment = integration
  3. Dictates a response by activating the effector organs (muscles and glands) = motor output
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two main divisions of the NS?

A

Central & Peripheral NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is contained within the central NS

A

brain & spinal cord, the integrative and control centres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is contained in the peripheral NS

A

cranial and spinal nerves and ganglia, communication lines between the CNS and rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are the ganglia?

A

areas where the cell bodies of neurons are clustered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of nerves is in the sensory (afferent) division? What direction does the impulse travel?Give 2 examples

A

somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibres. Conducts impulses from receptor to the CNS. ex: skin is somatic and stomach is visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of nerve is in the motor (efferent) division? What direction does the impulse travel?

A

motor nerve fibers

conduct impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two subdivisions of the motor (efferent) division?

A

Somatic and autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T or F: The somatic nervous system is involuntary motor ?

A

FALSE. It is voluntary. Conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The autonomic NS is…

And conducts impulses from the CNS to the… (3)

A 
visceral motor (involuntary)
cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

The sympathetic and parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the sympathetic division do?

A

Mobilize body systems during activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the parasympathetic division do?

A

conserve energy and promote house keeping functions during rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are two special somatic sensory senses?

A

Hearing & vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are two special visceral sensory senses?

A

taste and smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T or F: Neuroglia are support cells

A

True. They are non-excitable and wrap around the neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neurons are…

A

excitable nerve cells that transmit electrical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

4 Functional characteristics of neurons

A

Conduct electrical signals
Extreme longevity
No mitosis
High metabolic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The cell body of a neuron is also called the…

A

soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Other than the nucleus and cytoplasm, what does the cell body contain? (2)

A
  1. Neurofibrils = bundles of intermediate fibres that keep the cell from being stretched apart with tensile forces
  2. Chromatophilic substance = rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes that stain darkly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most cell bodies are within the CNS, but some are in the…

A

PNS with the ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dendrites branch from the cell body and are…

A

receptive sites for signals, carried to cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Axons (3)

A
  • Thin, uniform diameter
  • Transmit signals away from the cell body
  • Actin microfilaments and microtubules carry substances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Axon collaterals

A

branches that extend out from the axon at right angles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Terminal arborization
branches at the end of the axon
26
Terminal boutons
the ends of terminal arborization/secretory region
27
The axon hillock is the...
impulse generating/conducting region
28
What is a synapse?
site of neural communication
29
Axodendritic synapse
occur between one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron
30
axiomatic synapse
occur between axons and neuron cell bodies
31
what is a multipolar neuron
most common, many processes ententes from the cell body all of which are dendrites except the axon
32
bipolar neuron
2 processes leave, one is a fused dendrite and the other is an axon
33
unipolar neuron
One process extends from the body and comprises the axon
34
Sensory neurons/afferent neurons (4)
- Make up the sensory division fo the PNS - Transmit towards the CNS - Most are pseudo unipolar with cell bodies in ganglia outside of the CNS - called primary or first order neurons
35
Motor neurons/efferent neurons (3)
- Make up motor division of PNS - Carry impulses away from the CNS to effector organs - Multipolar, with cell bodies in the CNS
36
Interneurons
- Between motor and sensory neurons - confined to CNS - multipolar
37
What neuronglia are in the CNS? (4)
* Astrocytes * Microglial cells * Ependymal cells * Oligodendrocytes
38
What neuroglia are in the PNS? (2)
* Satellite cells | * Schwann cells
39
Astrocytes (3)
Star shaped, most abundant • Regulate neurotransmitter levels, metabolites • Signalling increased blood flow • Controlling ionic environment
40
Microglial Cells
smallest, least abundant, elongated cell body with multiple projections • Phagocytes • Macrophages of the CNS
41
Ependymal cells
* single epithelium that lines the CNS (central cavity of the spinal cord and brain) * Move cerebrospinal fluid
42
Oligodendrocytes
• Produce myelin sheaths in the CNS,
43
Satellite cells
surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia
44
Schwann cells
surround all axons in the PNS and form myelin sheath
45
Gray matter of the CNS (6)
1. Surround the hollow central cavity of CNS 2. Site where neuron cell bodies are clustered 3. Synapses occur here 4. short nonmyelinated interneurons and motor neurons 5. Has cell bodies of interneurons and motor neurons 6. Neuroglia
46
White matter of the CNS (3)
1. Fiber tracts of myelinated (gives white color) and nonmyelinated axons; no cell bodies 2. Neuroglia 3. Axons travelling to similar tracts are called tracts
47
Endoneurium
layer of loose connective tissue covering Shwann cells (myelin sheath)
48
Perineurium
wraps around nerve fascicles
49
Epineurium
tough fibrous sheath that surrounds the entire nerve
50
What is neuronal integration?
Communication between the CNS and PNS
51
Where does neuronal integration occur?
in the gray matter
52
What are reflex arcs?
simple chains of neurons that cause our simplest, reflexive behaviours and reflect the basic structural plan of the NS \
53
What are the 5 essential components of reflex arcs?
1. receptor 2. sensory neuron 3. integration center 4. motor neuron 5. effector
54
What are 2 examples of the reflex arc?
1. Monosynaptic stretch reflex | 2. Polysynaptic withdrawal reflect (touch a pin or something hot)
55
What are the 3 neuronal circuits?
1. Diverging 2. Converging 3. Reverberating
56
What is the diverging circuits?
much larger response. Each one of the axons have branches that stimulate at least two other neurons. ex: stretch reflex
57
What is the converging circuit?
take information from a bunch of different places and integrate that into a single input. Ex: see someone walking towards you = 3 signals: 1) memory yes I like the person, 2) see them walking, 3) hear them yelling your name. One output = you stop and talk to them
58
What id the reverberating circuit?
for rhythmic activities. input from a single neuron that gives you output but goes in a loop until something stops the input at the origin. Ex: arms swinging while walking
59
What are the two types of neural processing?
1. Serial | 2. Parallel
60
How is serial different from parallel processing?
1. Serial - neurons that synapse in a one-on-one sequence of a signal pathway, ex: reflex arc 2. Parallel - info from a single neuron is sent along two or more parallel pathways multiple signals are integrated
61
A nerve is a
bundle of neurons containing multiple axons
62
Neuron is a
single cell

Human Sexuality (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions