Nervous A&P

Question 1

Functions of the Nervous System

Answer 1

1. Sensory
2. Integrative
3. Motor

Question 2

Parts of the CNS

Answer 2

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 3

Parts of the PNS

Answer 3

1. Cranial nerves
2. Spinal nerves
3. Ganglia
4. Enteric Plexuses in small intestine
5. Sensory Receptors in skin

Question 4

Structure and location of multipolar nerves

Answer 4

1) Have MANY dendrites and 1 axon

2) Most common type in brain and spinal cord

Question 5

Structure and location of bipolar nerves?

Answer 5

1) Have 1dendrite and 1 axon

2) Example: In retina of eye and inner ear

Question 6

Structure , Function and location of unipolar

Answer 6

1. Have one fused dendrite and one axon
   Ex. Sensory Neurons of spinal nerves (31)
2. Most function as sensory receptors that detect a sensory stimulus such as touch, pressure, pain, or thermal stimuli.

Question 7

What are the types of CNS neuroglia?

Answer 7

Ass, O-ring, micropenis, E-Pen stuck in there

1. Astrocytes
2. Oligodendrocytes
3. Microglial cells
4. Ependymal cells

Question 8

What are the types of PNS neuroglia?

Answer 8

1. Schwann cells
2. Satellite cells

Question 9

What is the the function of Astrocytes?

Answer 9

form blood brain barrier

Question 10

Fn of oligodendrocytes

Answer 10

produce myelin sheath

Question 11

fn of migroglial cells

Answer 11

phagocytes in the CNS

Question 12

fn of ependymal cells

Answer 12

for CSF in ventricles

Question 13

fn of schwann cells

Answer 13

produce myelin around PNS axons

Question 14

Fn of Satellite cells

Answer 14

support neuros in PNS ganglia

Question 15

What are the requirements for an action potential

Answer 15

1. A resting membrane potential (charge difference across cell membrane)
2. Ion channels (leakage and gated channels)
3. stimulus causing Sodium to enter, so cell membrane reaches -55mV threshold

Question 16

Number of Pairs Cervica, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal Nerves

Answer 16

C-8
T-12
L-5
S-5
C-1

Question 17

Cervical Plexus supplies

Answer 17

(a) Cervical plexus supplies the skin and muscles of the head, neck, upper part of the shoulder and chest

1) Example: Phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5) innervates the diaphragm to contract.

Question 18

Brachial plexus responsible for

Answer 18

upper limbs, some neck and shoulder muscles

1) Examples: Radial nerve (C5-T1), Ulnar nerve (C8-T1), and Axillary Nerve

Question 19

Lumbar plexus responsible for

Answer 19

Abdominal wall, external genitals, and parts of the lower limbs

1) Example: Femoral nerve (L1-L4)

Question 20

Sacral plexus responsible for

Answer 20

Buttocks, perineum and most of lower limbs

1) Example: the largest nerve in the body; sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

2) Some spinal nerves branches extend directly to body structures

Question 21

Importance of Spinal nerves T2-12

Answer 21

Spinal nerves T2-T12 do not form plexuses
Called intercostal nerves
Supply abdominal muscles, skin of chest and back, and muscles between ribs.

Question 22

What are the major parts of the brain?

Answer 22

(1) Brain Stem

(2) Diencephalon

(3) Cerebellum

(4) Cerebrum

Question 23

Parts of the brain stem?

Answer 23

Medulla Oblongada

Pons

Mid-brain

Question 24

Parts of the Diencaphalon

Answer 24

Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Epithalamus (pineal gland)

Question 25

The layers of the meninges are called:

Answer 25

(outer): Dura mater (middle) Arachnoid mater (inner) Pia mater

Question 26

Location of subarachnoid space

Answer 26

Arachnoid mater & Pia mater

Question 27

What fills the subarachnoid space

Answer 27

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 28

Precentral gyrus anterior to sulcus: primary

Answer 28

primary motor area

Question 29

Postcentral gyrus: primary

Answer 29

primary somatosensory area

Question 30

Function of CN 1

Answer 30

Smell

Question 31

Function of CN 2

Answer 31

Vision

Question 32

Function of CN 3

Answer 32

Motor-control of eye movement

Question 33

Function of CN 4

Answer 33

Motor-control of eye movement

Question 34

Function of CN 5

Answer 34

(1) sensory: Touch, pain, pressure, hot, cold on face (2) Motor: To muscles used for chewing

Question 35

Function of CN 6

Answer 35

Motor-control of eye movement

Question 36

Function of CN 7

Answer 36

(1) Special sensory (taste) from anterior 2/3 of tongue (2) Motor to muscles of facial expression, tear glands, and some salivary glands

Question 37

Function of CN 8

Answer 37

(1) Vestibular branch: Sensory for equilibrium (2) Cochlear branch: Sensory for hearing

Question 38

Function of CN 9

Answer 38

(1) Sensory for posterior 1/3 of tongue, pharynx, and palate (2) Sensory for blood pressure: Located in the carotid bodies (3) Motor to pharyngeal muscles (swallowing), salivary gland (parotid)

Question 39

Function of CN 10

Answer 39

(1) Sensory from pharynx, ear, diaphragm, visceral organs in thoracic and abdominal cavities (2) Motor to palatal and pharyngeal muscles (swallowing and voice); to viscera in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 40

Function of CN 11

Answer 40

Motor to voluntary muscles including sternocleidomastoid and trapezius (move head, shoulders)

Question 41

Function of CN 11

Answer 41

Motor to voluntary muscles including sternocleidomastoid and trapezius (move head, shoulders)

Question 42

Function of CN 12

Answer 42

Motor to tongue (swallowing and speech)

Question 43

2. DESCRIBE the function of the sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.

Answer 43

(a) Increase heart rate and contraction, and blood pressure (BP) (b) Dilate pupils (c) Dilate airways (d) Dilate vessels to skeletal muscles, heart, liver and adipose tissue (e) Constrict blood vessels to nonessential organs: skin, GI tract, kidneys (f) Mobilize nutrients for energy: glucose and fats

Question 44

3. DESCRIBE the function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Answer 44

a. Parasympathetic Effects: (1) Rest-and-digest activities: (a) SLUDD 1) Salivation 2) Lacrimation 3) Urination 4) Digestion 5) Defecation (b) Decrease heart rate, airway diameter, pupil diameter