Nervous and Neuromuscular Systems Flashcards
(39 cards)
1
Q
CNS Components (brain)
A
- Prosencephalon (forebrain)
- Mesencephalon (midbrain)
- Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
2
Q
CNS Components (prosencephalon)
A
- Telencephalon
- Diencephalon
3
Q
CNS Components (mesencephalon)
A
- Tectum
- Tegmentum
4
Q
CNS Components (rhombencephalon)
A
- Metencephalon
- Myelencephalon
5
Q
CNS Components (brainstem)
A
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla Oblongata
6
Q
CNS Components (Telencephalon)
A
- Cerebrum
- Hippocampus
- Basal Ganglia
- Amygdala
7
Q
CNS Components (Diencephalon)
A
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Subthalamus
- Epithalamus
8
Q
CNS Components (Tectum)
A
- Superior colliculi
- Inferior colliculi
9
Q
CNS Components (Tegmentum)
A
- Cerebral aqueduct
- Periaqueductal gray
- Reticular formation
- Substantia nigra
- Red nucleus
10
Q
CNS Components (Metencephalon)
A
- Cerebellum
- Pons
11
Q
CNS Components (Myelencephalon)
A
- Medulla oblongata
12
Q
Limbic System Components (10)
A
- Corpus callosum
- Olfactory tract
- Mammillary bodies
- Fornix
- Thalamic nuclei
- Amygdala
- Hippocampus
- Parahippocampal gyrus
- Cingulate gyrus
- Hypothalamic nuclei
13
Q
Basal Ganglia Components
A
- Caudate
- Putamen
- Globus Pallidus
- Substantia nigra
- Subthalamic nuclei
14
Q
ACA Blood Supply to the Brain
A
- Anterior Frontal lobe
- Medial surface of the Frontal and Parietal lobes
15
Q
MCA Blood Supply to the Brain
A
- Most of outer Cerebrum
- Basal ganglia
- Posterior and anterior Internal capsule
- Putamen
- Pallidum
- Lentiform nucleus
16
Q
PCA Blood Supply to the Brain
A
- Portion of midbrain
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Basal nucleus
- Thalamus
- Inferior Temoral lobe
- Occipital and Occipitoparietal cortices
17
Q
Vertebral-Basilar Blood Supply to the Brain
A
- Cerebellum
- Medulla
- Pons
- Midbrain and thalamus
- Occipital cortex
18
Q
S&S of Meningitis
A
- Fever, headache, & vomiting
- Complaints of stiff and painful neck, nuchal rigidity
- Pain in the lumbar area and posterior thigh
- Brudzinski’s sign (flexion of the neck facilitates flexion of the hips and knees)
- Kernig’s sign (pain with hip flexion combined with knee extension)
- Sensitivity to light
19
Q
S&S of Hydrocephalus
A
- Enlarged head or bluging fontanelles in infants
- Headache
- Changes in vision
- Large veins noted on scalp
- Behavioral changes
- Seizures
- Alternation in appetite, vomiting
- “Sun setting” sign or downward deviation of the eyes
- Incontinence
20
Q
Alpha Nerve Fibers
A
Alpha motor neurons, muscle spindle primary endings, Glogi tendon organs, touch
21
Q
Beta Nerve Fibers
A
Touch, kinesthesia, muscle spindle secondary endings
22
Q
Gamma Nerve Fibers
A
Touch, pressure, gamma motor neurons
23
Q
Delta Nerve Fibers
A
Pain, touch, pressure, temperature
24
Q
Spinal level for Abdominal reflex
A
T8-L1
25
Spinal level for Corneal "blink" reflex
trigeminal and facial n.
26
Spinal level for Cremasteric reflex
L1/L2
27
Spinal level for Gag reflex
glossopharyngeal and vagus n.
28
Spinal level for Plantar reflex
L5/S1
29
Peripheral Nervous System Pathology Profile for Anterior Horn Cell
Sensory component intact
Motor weakness and atrophy
Fasciculations
Decreased DTRs
30
Peripheral Nervous System Pathology Profile for Muscle
Sensory component intact
Motor weakness; fasciculations are rare
Normal or decreased DTRs
31
Peripheral Nervous System Pathology Profile for Neuromuscular Junction
Sensory component intact
Motor fatigue is greater than actual weakness
Normal DTRs
32
Peripheral Nervous System Pathology Profile for Peripheral Nerve
Sensory loss along the nerve route
Motor weakness and atrophy in a peripheral distribution; may have fasciculations
33
Peripheral Nervous System Pathology Profile for Peripheral Polyneuropathy
Sensory impairments; "stocking glove" distribution
Motor weakness and atrophy; weaker distally than proximally; may have fasciculaitons
Decreased DTRs
34
Peripheral Nervous System Pathology Profile for Spinal Roots and Nerves
Sensory component will have corresponding dermatomal deficits
Motor weakness in an innervated pattern; may have fasciculations
Decreased DTRs
35
Characteristics of Peripheral Vertigo
Episodic and short duration
Autonomic symptoms present
Precipitating factor
Pallor, sweating
Nausea and vomiting
Auditory fullness (within ears)
Tinnitus
36
Characteristics of Central Vertigo
Autonomic symptoms less severe
Loss of consciousness can occur
Neurological symptoms present including:
- diplopia
- hemianopsia
- weakness
- numbness
- ataxia
- dysarthria
37
Characteristics of Central Nystagmus
Either bidirectional or unidirectional
No inhibition with fixation
Mild vertigo
Symptoms may be chronic
Etiology: demyelination of nerves, vascular lesion, cancer/tumor
38
Characteristics of Peripheral Nystagmus
Unidirectional with the fast segment of movement indicating the opposite direction of lesion
Visual fixation with inhibit nystagmus and vertigo
Significant vertigo
Symptoms can last minutes, days, weeks, but finite period of time; recurrent
Etiology: Meniere's disease, vascular disorders, trauma, toxicity, infection of inner ear
39
