Nervous communication

Question 1

why is coordination of the body required?

Answer 1

-for body systems to continue to function, as most of the body cannot work in isolation
-homeostasis
-cell signalling with nerves

Question 2

what is a stimulus?

Answer 2

any change in the internal or external environment that is capable of exciting a sensory receptor cell e.g. heat

Question 3

what is a receptor?

Answer 3

structures that detect a stimulus and converts it into an action potential

Question 4

what are energy transducers?

Answer 4

-convert energy from one form to another
-they are specific to the type of energy they convert
-all convert to electrical energy=nerve impulse

Question 5

what happens in the Pacinian Corpuscle when pressure is applied?

Answer 5

-capsule goes out of shape; membranes stretch causing sodium ion channels to open wider
-sodium ions can now diffuse into the neuron creating an action potential if enough channels are widened
-the harder the corpuscle is pressed the more channels open

Question 6

what is an effector?

Answer 6

muscle or gland that brings about a response

Question 7

what is a response?

Answer 7

change that occurs because of the initial stimulus

Question 8

what is a reflex?

Answer 8

fast, automatic response to a stimulus that does not involve the CNS

Question 9

what are the components of the CNS?

Answer 9

brain and spinal cord

Question 10

what is the role of the CNS?

Answer 10

has overall control over nervous system coordination

Question 11

what is the peripheral nervous system made up of?

Answer 11

sensory neurons connecting CNS to sensors and effectors around the body

Question 12

what are the different types of receptors?

Answer 12

-mechanoreceptors
-chemoreceptors
-thermoreceptors
-photoreceptors

Question 13

what are the different mechanoreceptors?

Answer 13

-Pacinian corpuscle
-Merkel cell
-Cochlea

Question 14

what does the Pacinian corpuscle detect?

Answer 14

pressure

Question 15

what energy form is the pressure that the Pacinian corpuscle detects?

Answer 15

kinetic energy

Question 16

what does the Merkel cell detect?

Answer 16

touch

Question 17

what energy form is the touch that the Merkel cell detects?

Answer 17

kinetic energy

Question 18

what does the Cochlea detect?

Answer 18

sound waves

Question 19

what energy form is the sound waves that the Cochlea detects?

Answer 19

sound energy

Question 20

what are the different chemoreceptors?

Answer 20

-taste buds
-Olfactory tract
-Nociceptors

Question 21

what does the taste buds detect?

Answer 21

chemicals in saliva

Question 22

what does the Olfactory tract detect?

Answer 22

chemicals in inhaled air

Question 23

what do the Nociceptors detect?

Answer 23

pain due to trauma

Question 24

what energy form are the chemicals in saliva that the taste buds detect?

Answer 24

chemical energy

Question 25

what energy form are the chemicals in inhaled that the Olfactory tract detect?

Answer 25

chemical energy

Question 26

what energy form is the pain due to trauma that the Nociceptors detect?

Answer 26

kinetic energy

Question 27

what are the different thermoreceptors?

Answer 27

-cold receptors in epidermis -warm receptors in dermis

Question 28

what do the cold receptors in epidermis detect?

Answer 28

cool temperatures

Question 29

what do the warm receptors in the dermis detect?

Answer 29

warm temperatures

Question 30

what energy form are the cool temperatures that the cold receptors in epidermis detect?

Answer 30

heat energy

Question 31

what energy form are the warm temperatures that the warm receptors in dermis detect?

Answer 31

heat energy

Question 32

what are the different photoreceptors?

Answer 32

retina

Question 33

what does the retina detect?

Answer 33

light

Question 34

what energy form is the light that the retina detects?

Answer 34

light energy

Question 35

where is the Pacinian corpuscle found?

Answer 35

in skin dermis

Question 36

what is the function of the Pacinian corpuscle?

Answer 36

detects mechanical pressure

Question 37

where is the Pacinian corpuscle found in abundance?

Answer 37

in fingers and feet soles

Question 38

when the Pacinian corpuscle are found in the joints, what is it's function?

Answer 38

to tell you direction changes

Question 39

label a diagram of the Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 39

*see paper flashcard*

Question 40

label a reflex arc

Answer 40

*see paper flashcard*

Question 41

what does grey matter contain?

Answer 41

contains cell body

Question 42

what does white matter contain?

Answer 42

contains axon and dendrites