Nervous System

Question 1

Function of nervous system

Answer 1

Detects impulses from senses; control center of the body

Question 2

Major organs of nervous system

Answer 2

Brain, spinal cord, senses, nerves

Question 3

Difference between neurons and neuroglia

Answer 3

Neurons- make up 10% of nervous system

Neuroglia- “nerve glue”, make up 90% of nervous system

Question 4

Dendrite

Answer 4

Receives the nerve impulses from the senses or another neuron

Question 5

Soma

Answer 5

The body of the neuron that holds the nucleus

Question 6

Schwann Cells

Answer 6

Allows myelin sheath to grow

Question 7

Node of Ranvier

Answer 7

Impulses jump from node to node, which increases speed of impulse

Question 8

Myelin

Answer 8

Insulates the axon. Produced by the Schwann cells

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

Passageway for nerve impulses after cell body; end in axon terminal

Question 10

Axon terminal

Answer 10

Button-like endings of axon through which axons make contact with other nerve cells

Question 11

CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid)

Answer 11

• Between the arachnoid layer and the pia mater is the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• The cerebrospinal fluid protects the brain by preventing the it from contacting the skull

Question 12

Cerebrum

Answer 12

• Largest part of brain
• Divided into 2 hemispheres
• Outer cerebral cortex= Gray matter, made of cell bodies and dendrites
• Inner cerebral medulla= White matter, made of myelinated axons

Question 13

Thalamus

Answer 13

• 2 bulb-shaped halves in the center of the brain

- Relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex for processing and sorting

Question 14

Hypothalamus

Answer 14

• Controls hormones released by pituitary gland

- Responsible for autonomic processes (body temperature, hunger, sleep, thirst, blood volume, etc)

Question 15

Brainstem

Answer 15

• Located between the cerebrum and spinal cord.

- Broken into three regions

Question 16

Brainstem (midbrain)

Answer 16

• Also known as mesencephalon
• Relays info to cerebrum
• Controls body movements and postures

Question 17

Brainstem (Pons)

Answer 17

• The Bridge!
• Almost completely made of white matter that links cerebral cortex and cerebellum
• Carries info from one side of brain to the other (why its called the bridge)
• Central control of breathing

Question 18

Brainstem (Medulla Oblongata)

Answer 18

• Located above the spinal cord
• Transmits impulses between spinal cord and the brain
• Controls blood pressure, heart rate, swallowing, and coughing

Question 19

Cerebellum

Answer 19

• Second largest part of brain
• Near back of skull
• Responsible for coordinating the movements directed by the cerebrum so that they are graceful and efficient
• All involuntary movements
• Aids in “muscle memory”

Question 20

Spinal Cord

Answer 20

• Extends from the medulla oblongata
• 31 pairs of spinal nerves branch out from the spinal cord, connecting to all parts of the body
• Relays impulses from the PNS to the brain
• A cross section of the spinal cord has a “butterfly” of gray matter surrounded by white matter

Question 21

Frontal lobe

Answer 21

• Voluntary movements (walking)
• Reasoning & decision-making
• Memory
• Verbal communication

Question 22

Parietal lobe

Answer 22

• Sensations
• Visual-spatial processing
• Body position

Question 23

Occipital lobe

Answer 23

-Visual processing: vision and memory of objects

Question 24

Temporal lobe

Answer 24

• Memory
• Comprehension & pronunciation of words
• Sensations of smell and sound

Question 25

Merkel's Disk

Answer 25

Touch receptor

Question 26

Hair Follicle Receptor

Answer 26

Touch receptor

Question 27

Ruffini's Corpuscle

Answer 27

Touch and pressure receptors

Question 28

Pacinian Corpuscle

Answer 28

Pressure receptor

Question 29

Free Nerve Ending

Answer 29

Pain and temperature receptors

Question 30

Malleus

Answer 30

Bone in your ear, known as the hammer

Question 31

Anvil

Answer 31

Bone in your ear, known as the anvil

Question 32

Stapes

Answer 32

Bone in your ear, known as the stirrup

Question 33

Cochlea

Answer 33

- Located in inner ear | - A bony snail-shaped structure containing membranes filled with fluid

Question 34

Cornea

Answer 34

- Made of thick, transparent tissue | - Allows light into the eye

Question 35

Iris

Answer 35

- Located behind the cornea - Colored part of the eye - Works with pupil to regulate light entering the eye

Question 36

Pupil

Answer 36

- Opening in the center of the iris - Muscles regulate the amount of light entering the eye - Low light: pupil wide open - High light: pupil nearly closed

Question 37

Retina

Answer 37

- Located in the back of the eye, contains thousands of photoreceptors - Two kinds of photoreceptors: Rods and Cones - Rods: all over retina, responsible for vision in low light, extremely sensitive - Cones: center of retina, responsible for detection of colors, less sensitive

Question 38

Lens

Answer 38

Semi-solid disc that directs light waves towards retina

Question 39

Farsighted vs. Nearsighted

Answer 39

- Farsighted- eyeballs are too short | - Nearsighted- eyeballs are too long