Nervous System Flashcards
What are the basic steps for the function of the nervous system?
Sensory Input –> Integration –> Motor response
What are the visceral functions of the nervous system?
Organs within body cavities
What are the somatic functions of the nervous system?
All other structures not within body cavities (muscles, skin)
What are the cell types of the nervous system?
Neuron and Neuroglia
What are the parts of a neuron?
Cell body (soma), Dendrites, Axon
What is the biggest difference between neurons and neuroglia?
Neurons are excitable cells, while neuroglia are not
What does the myelin sheath do?
Speeds up conduction
Why kind of neurons are multipolar?
Motor neurons and interneurons
What kind of neurons are bipolar?
Special sensory neurons (retina, olfactory, mucosa)
What kind of neurons are unipolar?
Typical sensory neuron
Are sensory neurons afferent or efferent?
Afferent
Are motor neurons afferent or efferent?
Efferent
What type of neuroglia cells are found in the CNS?
Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes
What type of neuroglia cells are found in the PNS?
Satellite cells, schwann cells
What is the main function of astrocytes?
Forms brain-blood barrier
What is the main function of the microglia?
Macrophages that consume microorganisms and dead neurons
What is the function of the ependymal cells?
Form simple epithelium that lines hollow portions of brain and spinal cord (ventricles of brain)
What is the main function of the oligodendrocytes in the CNS?
Forms the myelin sheaths
What is the function of the satellite cells in the PNS?
Prevent “crossover” when many cell bodies are crowded together
What is the function of the Schwann cells in the PNS?
Form myelin sheaths
What is Saltatory Conduction?
Action potentials jump over the myelin, jumping from node of Ranvier to node of Ranvier
What is Multiple Sclerosis?
Autoimmune disease where myelin is attacked in CNS
What is a nerve?
In PNS, axons of sensory and motor neurons
What is a nerve tract?
In CNS, axons of interneurons
