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PHA 618 laboratory > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Give the two anatomical divisions of the nervous system

A

CNS and PNS

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2
Q

What are the two components of the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Give the functional divisions of the PNS?

A

Afferent (sensory) and Efferent (motor)

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4
Q

What are the classifications under Efferent pathway?

A

Somatic or Soma motor and Autonomic

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5
Q

What comprises the soma motor nervous system?

A

Skeletal muscles

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6
Q

What comprises the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, Enteric

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7
Q

Give the 3 main parts of a neuron and their functions?

A

Dendrites - reception of impulses
Cell body - protein synthesis
Axon - transmission of impulses

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8
Q

T or F: Axon may or may not be covered with myelin sheath.

A

True

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9
Q

What does the myelin sheath do?

A

It aids as an insulator for a faster transmission of impulses

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10
Q

Where can multipolar neurons be found?

A

CNS (brain and spinal cord) and PNS

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11
Q

What kind of neuron is multipolar? (sensory, motor or both)?

A

Motor

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12
Q

Direction of multipolar neurons

A

Efferent pathway

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13
Q

Where can bipolar neurons be found?

A

Nasal cavity, inner ear, retina of the eyes

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14
Q

What kind of neuron is bipolar? (sensory, motor, both)

A

Sensory

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15
Q

Direction of bipolar neurons

A

Afferent pathway

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16
Q

Where can unipolar neurons be found?

A

Skin, organ and etc.

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17
Q

What kind of neuron is unipolar? (sensory, motor or both)?

A

Sensory

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18
Q

Direction of unipolar neurons

A

Afferent pathway

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19
Q

It is the space between a neuron and a receptor (organ)

A

Synapse

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20
Q

It is the space between two neurons

A

Ganglia

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21
Q

What are the functions of neuroglia?

A

Support the neuron

Aid in transmission of impulses

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22
Q

What are the type of neuroglial cells under PNS?

A

Schwann cells - forms the myelin sheath for PNS

Satelite cells - control environment for ganglia in PNS

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23
Q

What are the type of neuroglial cells under CNS?

A

Astrocytes - blood brain barrier
Microglia - seeks and fight pathogens; protection
Ependymal cells - forms cerebrospinal fluid
Oligodendrocytes - forms the myelin sheath for CNS

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24
Q

This is the membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

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25
Outermost membrane, tough and forms protective tube for the vertebral canal. Also, attached to the cranial bones
Dura mater
26
Thin, web-like, avascular and middle membrane
Arachnoid mater
27
Thin, innermost layer that adheres to the structures of the CNS and contains blood vessel to nourish the brain and spinal cord
Pia mater
28
T or F: The arachnoid mater is directly attached to the brain
False - it should be the pia mater
29
Structure in the brain that is lined by the ependymal cells and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Ventricles
30
The ventricles are filled with CSF. What structure produces the CSF?
Choroid plexuses
31
How many lateral ventricles are there and where are they located?
2, within the cerebral hemispheres
32
Where is the 3rd ventricle located?
midline of diencephalon
33
Where is the 4th ventricle located?
midline of the brain stem continued within the central canal
34
T or F: The secretion and absorption of CSF should be in equal rates.
True
35
Give the functions of the cerebrospinal fluid
provides buoyancy, protection, chemical stability, nutrients
36
The ____ are the folds and the ____ are the grooves in the brain
gyri and sulci
37
This separates the hemispheres
Longitudinal fissure
38
This keeps the hemispheres connected
Corpus collosum
39
T or F: The gray matter is the outer surface and the white matter is the inner surface in the cerebral cortex
True
40
What are the functions of the cerebrum?
``` interpretation of sensory impulses control of voluntary motor impulses intellectual processes will personality traits ```
41
This lobe is responsible for motivation, judgement, aggression as well as olfaction
Frontal lobe
42
This lobe is responsible for the premotor area, primary motor area as well as Broca's area
Frontal lobe
43
This lobe is responsible for the primary sensory areas and for higher level reasoning
Parietal lobe
44
This lobe contains the Wernicke's area and is responsible for hearing
Temporal lobe
45
This lobe is responsible for vision
Occipital lobe
46
This part of the brain is deep and not much is known. To see this structure, retract the temporal lobe.
Insula
47
This is the area responsible for interpreting incoming language
Wernicke's area
48
This is the area responsible for finding the words for outgoing the language
Broca's area
49
If the person cannot speak clearly but can interpret what's being said to him or her, the _____ is damaged
Broca's area
50
If the person cannot understand what's being said to him but he or she can speak clearly, the ______ is damaged
Wernicke's area
51
This system is associated with the thalamus
Limbic system
52
The limbic system is responsible for the following:
Memory, emotions and emotional behaviors
53
Damage to the limbic system can cause what?
Mood disorders
54
This is where the thalamus and hypothalamus are located
Diencephalon
55
The role of this structure is a switching station for incoming sensory messages except for smell
Thalamus
56
This structure monitors the internal environment of the body as well as aids in achieving homeostasis in the body (e.g., temperature regulation, food and water intake, endocrine functions)
Hypothalamus
57
Collective term for medulla oblongata, pons, reticular formation and midbrain
Brainstem
58
Contains centers to regulate heart rate, respiratory rate and blood vessel diameter
Medulla oblongata
59
Contains the baroreceptor arc
Medulla oblongata
60
This controls vomiting under the medulla oblongata
Emetic center
61
Large bulge, anterior surface and is located between the medulla oblongata and midbrain
Pons
62
Bridge for motor tracts to the cerebellum
Pons
63
Has 4 bulges called collculi
Midbrain
64
Which colliculi is responsible for visual reflexes?
2 superior colliculi
65
Which colliculi is responsible for auditory reflexes?
2 inferior colliculi
66
Important for arousal and is responsible for sleep-wake cycles
Reticular formation
67
If the reticular formation stops working, what will happen?
Comatose
68
Second largest brain region wherein the two hemispheres are connected by vermis
Cerebellum
69
Give the functions of the cerebellum
Controls and coordinates interaction of skeletal muscles Controls posture, balance, muscle coordination Reflexive memory
70
If the cerebellum is damaged, what will happen?
Loss of equilibrium, loss of muscle coordination and loss of muscle tone
71
What is the shape of the gray matter of the spinal cord?
Internal and butterfly-shaped
72
What is the form of the gray matter of the spinal cord?
H-formed
73
What is the form of the white matter of the spinal cord?
Columnar form
74
Give the functions of the spinal cord
Transmit impulses | Reflex center for spinal reflex
75
Recite the cranial nerves
Oh oh oh to touch and feel very good v*g*na ah heaven :D

PHA 618 laboratory (2 decks)

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