Nervous System

Question 1

What is the stoma?

Answer 1

The metabolic centre of the neuron.

Question 2

What are dendrites?

Answer 2

Processes that receive signals.

Question 3

What is the axon?

Answer 3

It carries the electrical message away from the cell body to other cells.

Question 4

What is the axon hillock?

Answer 4

It connects to the axon and is where action potential begins.

Question 5

What are axon terminals?

Answer 5

Branches that reach out into the synaptic terminals and the site of neurotransmission.

Question 6

Bipolar Neurons

Answer 6

1 axon end, 1 dendrite end

Question 7

Unipolar Neurons

Answer 7

1 process containing both axon and dendrites

Question 8

Pseudo-Unipolar Neuron

Answer 8

1 process with splits into 2

Question 9

Multipolar Neuron

Answer 9

At least 3 processes

Question 10

What are neurotransmitters?

Answer 10

Chemicals that are released and picked up by receptors on the dendrites of neurons.

Question 11

What do neurotransmitters do?

Answer 11

Provoke excitatory, inhibitory or modulatory responses.

Question 12

What are the 4 main neurotransmitters?

Answer 12

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid/ GABA (inhibitory)
Glutamate (excitatory)
Acetylcholine (inhibitory/excitatory)
Glycine (inhibitory)

Question 13

Glial Cells- What is an oligodendrocyte?

Answer 13

Cells responsible for providing the myelin sheath

Question 14

Glial Cells- What is an astrocyte?

Answer 14

They anchor and brace the neurons.
They provide nutrient supply.
They regulate the external environment.

Question 15

Glial Cells- What are microglia?

Answer 15

They clean up neural debris.

They detect and monitor health of the neuron.

Question 16

Glial Cells- What are ependymal cells?

Answer 16

The line the ventricles and the central canal of the brain and spinal cord to help circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 17

Peripheral Glial Cells- What are satellite cells?

Answer 17

They help to regulate the external environment.

They aid in tissue repair.

Question 18

Peripheral Glial Cells- What are Schwann Cells?

Answer 18

They provide the insulating myelin sheath.

Question 19

CNS- What does the brain do?

Answer 19

Complex function.
Processes sensory information.
Coordinates movements and bodily functions.

Question 20

CNS- What does the spinal cord do?

Answer 20

Sends signals to a from the brain and the rest of the body.

It can control some musco-skeletal reflexes without the brain.

Question 21

What is grey matter?

Answer 21

Contains cell bodies.

Question 22

What is white matter?

Answer 22

Contains myelinated axons.

Question 23

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 23

An extensive network of nerves, containing sensory, motor and interneurons.
It connects the CNS to organs, skin and the limbs.

Question 24

What are afferent nerves?

Answer 24

Signals towards the CNS from the skin.

Question 25

What are efferent nerves?

Answer 25

Signals from the spinal cord to muscle.

Question 26

What is the somatic system?

Answer 26

The voluntary nervous system.

Controls skeletal muscle.

Question 27

What is the autonomic system?

Answer 27

The involuntary nervous system.
Controls organs and glands.
Has 2 branches- sympathetic and parasympathetic.