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HUBS191 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

What does CNS stand for

A

Central nervous system

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2
Q

What does the CNS consist of, and what are the 2 general cell classes that they are composed of ?

A

Consists of brain and spinal cord

Composed of neurons and glia

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3
Q

What does PNS stand for

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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4
Q

What is the PNS consisted of and what are the 2 general cell classes that they are composed of ?

A

Consisted of peripheral nerves and ganglia

Composed of neurons and glia

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5
Q

What are the 2 general fractures of Neurons ?

A
  • cells specialised for transmission of information

- 4 morphological types

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6
Q

What are the 3 general features of Glia ?

A
  • support neurons
  • 5 basic types —> 4 in CNS, 1 in PNS
  • each type has specific functions
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7
Q

What are the 2 features of dendrites ?

A
  • receive input

- send info to the cell body

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8
Q

What are the 2 features of the cell body ?

A
  • contain nucleus and organelles

- sums input

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9
Q

What are the 2 features of the axon ?

A
  • Carries electrical impulses

- may or may not be myelinated

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10
Q

What are the 2 features of the axon terminals ?

A
  • end (terminals) of the axon

- neurotransmitter release

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11
Q

What is a bundle of axons called

A

Tract

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12
Q

In the CNS, What is a group of cell bodies called ?

A

Nucleus (nuclei)

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13
Q

In the CNS, what do you call a group of cell bodies in the cerebral cortex or spinal cord ?

A

Grey matter

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14
Q

In the CNS, what do you call a bundle of axons in the cerebral cortex or spinal cord ?

A

White matter

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15
Q

In the white matter, is the axons myelinated or not

A

They are

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16
Q

In the PNS, what do you call a group of cell bodies ?

A

Ganglion (ganglia)

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17
Q

In the PNS, what do you call a bundle of axons ?

A

Nerve

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18
Q

What components from the neuron are in the input zone ?

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A

Dendrites and cell body

19
Q

What is the functional components of the input zone ?

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A

Receives CHEMICAL SIGNALS from other neurons

20
Q

What components from the neuron are in the summation zone ?

21
Q

What is the functional component of the summation zone

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A

Summation of inputs

22
Q

What components from the neuron are in the conduction zone ?

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A

Axon (may be very long)

23
Q

What is the functional component of the conduction zone?

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A

Carry ELECTRICAL SIGNALS (ACTION POTENTIAL) between brain areas to and from the spinal cord or from Peripheral sensory receptors to effector cells

24
Q

What components from the neuron are in the output zone?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Axon terminals
25
what is the functional components of the output zone?
- Contact with input zone of other neurons or effectors | - release of neurotransmitters = CHEMICAL SIGNALS
26
what is the axon hillock
- is an anatomical location where inputs are summated before action potential - in the summation zone
27
how many processes emanate from a Multipolar cell body
multiple processes
28
how many processes emanate from a Bipolar cell body
2 processes
29
how many processes emanate from a unipolar cell body
1 process, it then branches into dendrite and axon
30
What is different in Anaxonic processes
has no distinct axon, | all processes look alike
31
what are the 4 CNS Glia
1) Astrocytes 2) Microglia 3) ependymal cells 4) oligodendrocytes
32
what are the 3 features of Astrocytes
- supply nutrients to neurons - ensheath blood capillaries - injury response
33
what are the 2 features of Microglia
- immune cells of the CNS | - Engulf microorganisms and debris
34
what are the 2 features of Ependymal cells
- line fluid-filled spaces of brain and spinal cord | - have cilia (hair-like processes) to circulate CSF
35
what are the 2 features of Oligodendrocytes
- support nerve fibres | - ensheath them with myelin
36
what is the name of the PNS Glia
Schwann cells
37
what are the 3 features of the schwann cells
- support peripheral nerve fibres - ensheath them with myelin - similar to oligodendrocytes (CNS)
38
what is the Myelin Sheath
- is a lipid (fat) wrapped around the axon | - it increases conduction velocity
39
what are Nodes of Ranvier and their functions
- are gaps between myelin | - it increases conduction velocity
40
how do neurons communicate with one another
- occurs through a junction called a SYNAPSE
41
during the synapse, what happens with the information
it need it change form when it moves to on thing to the next - electrical --> chemical --> electrical
42
what is the word for when information goes INTO the brain
afferent or ascending
43
what is the name of the response that come OUT of the brain
efferent or descending

HUBS191 (13 decks)

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