Nervous system Flashcards
(37 cards)
Division of the nervous system (2)
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
what makes up CNS
brain and spinal cord
what makes up PNS
nerves and ganglion
2 types of neurons found in PNS and their role
motor - carries signals from CNS to outer parts of body
sensory - carries signals from outer parts of body to CNS
what is the autonomic nervous system
part of peripheral nervous system responsible for involuntary bodily functions
maintains homeostasis
3 branches of autonomic nervous system
sympathetic (excitatory)
parasympathetic (relaxation)
enteric nervous system
role of parasympathetic nervous system
relaxes body
takes blood away from muscles
cranio-sacral outflow
role of sympathetic nervous system
excitatory
regulates fight or flight response
3 control centres of autonomic nervous system
brainstem
hypothalamus
limbic system
voltage gated ion channels are specific to… and are activated by
specific to Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-
activated by changes in electrical membrane potential
how do ligand-gated ion channels (ionotropic receptors) work and what do they conduct
open by binding of neurotransmitters, hormones or drugs
non-selective and conduct Na+, K+, Ca2+ and/or Cl-
how do G-protein coupled receptors work
detect molecules outside of the cell and activate internal signal transduction pathways
acted on by drugs like beta-2 adrenergic receptors
difference between primary and secondary active transport
primary - uses chemical energy (ATP) e.g. Na+/K+ ATPase
secondary - uses electrochemical gradient e.g. Na+/Ca2+ exchanger
excitatory neurotransmitters
ATP Serotonin Histamine Acetylcholine Noradrenaline Glutamate
inhibitory neurotransmitters
serotonin
glycine
GABAa
role of CSF
exchanges nutrients and waste between blood and nervous tissue and absorbs shock
3 types of spaces in meninges
epidural
subdural
subarachnoid
role of meninges
sit around brain and surround spinal cord to protect CNS from trauma injury to brain
role of BBB (3)
- separates circulating blood from brain
- prevents entry of potential neurotoxins via active transport mechanism
- allows passage by passive diffusion and selective transport of small hydrophobic molecules
role of limbic system
motivation, learning and memory
coordinates emotions and regulates aggressive behaviour
4 major structures of limbic system
amygdala
hippocampus
hypothalamus
thalamus
role of hypothalamus
emotional and behavioural patterns
regulation of homeostatic function
link between nervous and endocrine system
role of thalamus
relay station for synaptic input
motor control
consciousness
4 stages of migraine pain
- trigeminal system activated and vasodilation occurs
- neuropeptide release causes neurogenic inflammation and more vasodilation
- this increases flow of sensory traffic through brain stem causing increased pain signal transmission
- central pain transmission occurs after sensory traffic passes brain stem to thalamus and ultimately the cortex
