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AVS 331 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord
analyzes sensory information
produces motor commands

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2
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

spinal nerves and cranial nerves
communication bridge between sensory receptors and motor effectors

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3
Q

astrocytes

A

90% of neuroglial cells are involved in signaling the formation of the very tight junctions between endothelial cells that line the blood capillaries of the CNS (blood-brain barrier)

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4
Q

oligodendria

A

produce myelin around axons in the CNS

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5
Q

microglia

A

phagocytize microorganisms in the CNS

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6
Q

ependymal cells (w/ cilia)

A

line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of spinal cord
produce cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

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7
Q

schwann’s cell

A

forms the myelin sheath around myelinated axons of the PNS

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8
Q

soma

A

cell body: contains the nucleus, mitochondria, and other organelles

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9
Q

dendrites

A

multiple processes: contains receptors or sensors that receive stimuli and conduct impulses towards the stoma

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10
Q

dendrites

A

multiple processes: contains receptors or sensors that receive stimuli and conduct impulses toward the stoma

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11
Q

axon

A

single process leaving the stoma, can branch some

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12
Q

myelinated neurons

A

neurons that contain a segmented fatty sheath around the axon

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13
Q

sheath of myelin

A

white matter of the brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

node of ranvier

A

unmyelinated areas of the axon between myelin sheaths

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15
Q

unmyelinated neurons

A

neurons NOT wrapped in a sheath of myelin

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16
Q

sensory neurons

A

transmit impulses from senors or receptors found in the peripheral sense organs to the CNS

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17
Q

motor (efferent) neurons

A

transmit impulses away from CNS and towards effectors in the periphery

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18
Q

interneurons

A

found in the CNS: transmits impulses up and down the spinal cord and between different areas of the brain

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19
Q

cerebrum

A

largest portion of the brain
covered in gyri and sulci
hemispheres separated by the longitudinal fissue

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20
Q

cerebral cortex

A

gray matter

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21
Q

corpus callosum

A

white matter

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22
Q

lateral ventricles

A

large fluid-filled area

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23
Q

frontal lobe

A

speech, movement, emotions

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24
Q

parietal lobe

A

movement, recognition, computing stimuli

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25
occipital lobe
visual processing
26
temporal lobe
auditory stimuli, memory, speech
27
thalamus
brings sensory inputs to the cerebrum houses CNII - communicated with the retina
28
hypothalamus
center of homeostasis for the body and junction between nervous and endocrine system
29
epithalamus
pineal gland, secretes melatonin
30
cerebellum
2nd largest part of the brain covered in sulci and gyri separated from the cerebrum by the transverse fissure gray matter lines the outer periphery and white matter lines the interior
31
medulla oblongata
center that regulates heartbeat, blood pressure, respiration, reflexes
32
pons
center that controls sleep, respiration, and urination
33
midbrain
centers that control eye, head, and reflex movements (CN III and CN IV)
34
meninges
layer of connective tissue covering the brain and spinal cord creates space for nutrient exchange and CSF three layers
35
dura matter
outer covering (epidural space) (of meninges)
36
arachnoid
middle, delicate layer (of meninges)
37
pia mater
inner layer (of meninges)
38
cerebrospinal fluid
cushions and lubricates the brain found in the spaces between the brain and spinal cord
39
subarachnoid space
space between the arachnoid and pia matter
40
central canal
fluid-filled canal found in the center of the spinal cord
41
ventricles
fluid-filled cavities in the brain
42
spinal cord
extends from the medulla oblongata through foramen magnum in the skull located within the vertebral foramen in the vertebral column terminates at the sacral region in quadrupeds
43
gray matter
interior interneurons and cell bodies of motor neurons
44
dorsal horns
neurons send sensory info to the brain
45
ventral horns
neurons send motor impulses to spinal nerves
46
white matter
exterior myelinated axons called tracts
47
ascending tracts
send sensory messages up the spinal cord to the brain using sensory axons
48
descending tracts
send motor impulses down the spinal cord along motor axons
49
spinal nerves
paired nerves that originate from both sides of the spinal cord upon exiting the spinal cord, spinal nerves split into the dorsal and ventral branches
50
dorsal root
afferent sensory neurons coming from sensory in the periphery
51
ventral root
efferent motor neurons originating in the spinal cord and extend out to effectors muscles or glands)
52
dorsal and ventral roots
join to form spinal nerves with both motor and sensory function
53
cranial nerves
12 pairs originating in the brain and extending into the PNS can consist of sensory, motor, or both types of nerves
54
CNI
olfactory nerve
55
CNII
optic nerve
56
oculomotor nerve
damage to this nerve can result in strabismus
57
neural pathways
communication between the brain and periphery; movement of electrical impulses through neural pathways
58
synapse
site where an electrical signal goes from one neuron to another electrical signals move in ONE direction only
59
impulse conduction
stimulus activates a neuron action potentials are conducted along the axon release of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft
60
reflex
automatic involuntary reaction (ex. blinking, coughing, salivation) involves an impulse/stimulus generated by a senor to afferent neurons to integrate in the spinal cord to efferent neurons to the effector then a response

AVS 331 (1 decks)

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