Nervous System

Question 1

2 structures of nervous systems

Answer 1

Central and peripheral

Question 2

Central nervous system makeup

Answer 2

Spine and skill (brain,spinal cord,cortex,subcortical structures and nuclei) it’s not plastic

Question 3

Peripheral nervous system makeup

Answer 3

Everything other than spine and skull, connects rest of the body.
Motor output system (somatic -muscles and automatic - para and sympathetic organ control)
Sensory input system ( visual,auditory,olfactory,gustatory,tactile, vestibular and proprioceptive)

Question 4

Movement as a circuit

Answer 4

Sensory input - Receptors pick up on information from stimuli send info via afferent nerves
Integration - Information processed and decision is made on what to a be one (in CNS)
Motor output - Effector organs (muscle & glands activated effected by efferent nerves

Question 5

Neurone

Answer 5

Nerve cells that are electrical excitable cell & communicate with other cells via specialised connections synapses, making up majority of nervous system.

Question 6

Dendrites

Answer 6

Dendrites :
Collect signals of information into cell , change charge of cell

Question 7

Axon

Answer 7

Axon:
Connect to other cells, where information passes through to other cells

Question 8

Myelin sheath

Answer 8

Myelin sheath:
Speeds up electric signals

Question 9

Axon terminal

Answer 9

Axon terminal:
Contact other cells to pass info through - charge meets set point action potential occurs down axon

Question 10

Information passes chemically between neurons

Answer 10

When action potential reaches axon terminal causes synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft, they bind to receptors at the pre synaptic terminal of other neuron
If inhibitory neurotransmitter then (-) charge
If excitatory neurotransmitter then (+) charge

Question 11

Glia cells - 5?

Answer 11

Schwann cells,
astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes,
microglia,
ependymal cells

Question 12

Astrocyte

Answer 12

Astrocytes :
Regulate chemicals around neurons, regulate blood flow around the brain and repair nervous system

Question 13

Schwann cell

Answer 13

Schwann cells :
Form myelin in PNS and assist in regrowth of axons, allows signals to travel 150m/s instead of 10 m/s

Question 14

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 14

Oligodendrocytes :
Form the myelin sheath on axon in CNS, it’s a fatty rich protein wrap around axons

Question 15

Microglia

Answer 15

Microglia:
Brains immune system, scavenge the CNS for plaques, and damaged cells

Question 16

Ependymal cells

Answer 16

Ependymal cells :
Make up the Ependymal membrane, lines the central canal of spinal cord

Question 17

Grey vs white matter

Answer 17

Myelin is the white matter, insulates neurons made up of fats and proteins
Grey matter maintains cell bodies of neurons