Nervous System

Question 1

The study of the nervous system is known as

Answer 1

Neurology

Question 2

Nervous system works with…..

Answer 2

The endocrine system to maintain homeostasis (body balance

Question 3

Two parts of the Nervous System

Answer 3

Central Nervous System
and
Peripheral Nervous System

Question 4

Central Nervous System is made of…

Answer 4

The brain and spinal cord

Question 5

Peripheral Nervous System is made of…

Answer 5

12 pairs of cranial nerves arising from the brain and 31 pairs of spinal nerves arising from the spinal cord

Question 6

Sympathetic function

Answer 6

Accelerates body processes and regulates involuntary activities of smooth and cardiac muscle

Question 7

Parasympathetic function

Answer 7

Slows down body processes

Question 8

3 Types of Nerves

Answer 8

Sensory nerve / neurone
Motor nerve / neurone
Mixed nerve /neurone

Question 9

Function of Sensory nerve / neurone

Answer 9

Carry sensory impulses from the sensory organs to the brain and spinal cord. They convey sensations of pain, temperature, taste, smell etc

Question 10

Motor nerve / neurone

Answer 10

Carry motor impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands. They initiate the contraction of muscles and the action of glands.

Question 11

Mixed nerve /neurone

Answer 11

Carry both sensory and motor nerve fibres. The only place mixed nerves are found in the body is in the brain and spinal cord as cranial and spinal nerves

Question 12

Neurone structure

Answer 12

They have a cell body one long nerve fibre called the axon and several small nerve fibres called dendrites.

Question 13

Axons

Answer 13

Carry impulses away from the cell body

Question 14

Dendrites

Answer 14

Carry impulses towards cell body

Question 15

A synapse

Answer 15

The point where two neurones connect or where a neurone connects with its muscle fibre

Question 16

Myelin Sheath

Answer 16

Insulates the axon and protects it from pressure and helps speed up nerve conduction

Question 17

Neurilemma

Answer 17

Surrounds the myelin sheath and helps regenerate the nerve cell

Question 18

Grey matter

Answer 18

Outside of the brain and the inside of the spinal cord

Question 19

White matter

Answer 19

Inside of the brain and the outside of the spinal cord

Question 19

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 19

Gaps in the myelin sheath which speed up the passage of nerve impulses

Question 20

Functions of the Cerebrum

Answer 20

Mental activities, memory, intelligence
Interpreting sensations like pain, heat and cold
Initiating and controlling voluntary muscle action

Question 21

Functions of the Cerebellum

Answer 21

It is associated with maintaining balance, posture and muscle tone.
Ensures movements are smooth and co-ordinated

Question 22

Hypothalamus location

Answer 22

Situated deep within the cerebrum at the top of the brain stem with the pituitary gland attached to its base

Question 23

Functions of the hypothalamus

Answer 23

Regulates body temperature, water and metabolism
Centre for drives of emotions such as thirst, appetite, sex, pain and pleasure
It also regulates the pituitary gland

Question 24

Pons varolii function

Answer 24

Acts as a link between the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum and the spinal cord by transmitting impulses.

Question 25

Medulla Oblongata location

Answer 25

Lies between the pons varolii and the spinal cord

Question 26

Functions of the Medulla Oblongata

Answer 26

Controls the involuntary actions of the respiratory, cardiac, vasomotor and reflex centres i.e. breathing rate and heart rate

Question 27

How many spinal nerves

Answer 27

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 28

What is the Reflex Arc?

Answer 28

A complete pathway through the nervous system from stimulus to response.

Question 29

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 29

supplies nerves to all the internal organs of the body which are not under our conscious control e.g. heart muscle, smooth muscle of hollow organs

Question 30

What controls the ANS?

Answer 30

Controlled by the hypothalamus in the cerebrum, which receives impulses from the Central Nervous System.

Question 31

NEURITIS

Answer 31

Inflammation of a nerve, caused by infection, injury, poison, etc. Effect: pain along the nerve’s length and/or loss of use of the structures supplied by the nerve

Question 32

BELL’S PALSY

Answer 32

Injury or infection of the facial nerve which subsequently becomes inflamed

Question 33

NEURALGIA

Answer 33

Burning or stabbing pain along the course of one or more nerves.

Question 34

SCIATICA

Answer 34

Pressure on the roots of the sciatic nerve often caused by degeneration of an intervertebral disc

Question 35

PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Answer 35

Progressive disease caused by damage to basal ganglia of the brain and resulting in loss of dopamine (neuro-transmitter)

Question 36

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (also known as disseminated sclerosis)

Answer 36

Loss of the protective myelin sheath from nerve fibres in the central nervous system

Question 37

CEREBRAL PALSY

Answer 37

Damage to the brain, caused during birth or resulting from a pre-natal defect

Question 38

MOTOR NEURONE DISEASE

Answer 38

A rare progressive disorder, in which the motor neurones in the body gradually deteriorate

Question 39

MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMELITIS (ME)

Answer 39

Also known as post-viral fatigue or chronic fatigue syndrome