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Bio 12 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Nerve cells that conduct nerve impulses

A

neurons

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2
Q

Neural circuit through the spinal cord that provides the framework for a reflex action

A

Reflec arc

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3
Q

Insulated covering on the axon of a nerve cell

A

myelin sheath

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4
Q

Regions between neurons, or between neurons and effectors

A

synaptic cleft

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5
Q

Division of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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6
Q

Regularly occurring gaps between sections of myelin sheath along the axon

A

Nodes of renvier

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7
Q

Minimum level of a stimulus required to produce a response

A

-55Mv (threshold potential)

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8
Q

Outer lining of the cerebral hemispheres

A

Cerebral cortex

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9
Q

Projections of cytoplasm that carry impulses towards the cell body

A

Dendrites

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10
Q

Division of the nervous system that relays information between the body and the CNS

A

PNS

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11
Q

Process of restoring the original polarity of the nerve membrane

A

Repolarzation

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12
Q

Chemicals that are released into synaptic cleft

A

Neurotransmitters

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13
Q

Cushioning fluid that circulates between the innermost & middle membranes of the brain & spinal cord

A

cerebral spinal fluid

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14
Q

Recovery time required before a neuron can produce another action potential

A

refractory period

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15
Q

Nerve tracts that join the left and right cerebral hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

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16
Q

Neurons that carry impulses from the CNS to effectors (ex. muscles)

A

motor neurons

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17
Q

Region of brain that acts as a relay station sending nerve messages between the cerebellum & medulla

A

pons

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18
Q

Special type of glial cell that produces myelin sheath in the PNS

A

shwanns cell

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19
Q

Area of the brain that coordinates and interprets sensory information and directs it to the cerebrum

A

Thalamus

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20
Q

Extension of the cytoplasm that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body

A

axon

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21
Q

The voltage difference across a nerve cell membrane when a nerve is excited

A

action potential

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22
Q

Part of the hindbrain that controls limb movements, balance, and muscle tone

A

cerrebellum

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23
Q

Diffusion of sodium ions into the nerve cell resulting in a charge reversal

A

Deporlarization (+35Mv)

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24
Q

Protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

25
Neurons that carry impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS
sensory neurons
26
The membrane potential (in mV) of a resting membrane
-70Mv
27
Voltage difference across a nerve cell membrane during the resting stage
resting potential
28
Largest most highly developed part of the brain; stores sensory info & initiates voluntary motor activities
cerebrum
29
This active transport mechanism moves ions against the concentration gradient
sodium-potassium pump
30
Neuron that carries impulses to the synapse
presynaptic neuron
31
Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft
cholinesterase
32
Lobe of the cerebrum that is responsible for vision and interpretation of visual info
occipital lobe
33
Neuron that carries impulses away from the synapse
postsynaptic neuron
34
Lobe of the cerebrum responsible for control of voluntary muscle, intellectual activities & personality
Frontal lobe
35
Sensory receptors in your skin that respond to warm and cold temperatures
Thermoreceptors
36
Located under the thalamus; important part of autonomic nervous system
hypothalamus
37
Lobe of the cerebrum responsible for touch and temperature awareness and emotions
parietal lobe
38
sensory receptors that respond to mechanical stimuli
mechanoreceptors
39
State of the neuron membrane when it is slightly more negative than its resting potential
hyperpolarization (-90Mv)
40
Lobe of the cerebrum, sensory areas for hearing & vision, memory & interpretation of sensory info
temporal lobe
41
Name the three regions of the brain
Midbrain Hindbrain Forebrain
42
This division of the nervous system controls voluntary skeletal muscles
Somatic
43
This division of the nervous system controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscles and glands (involuntary)
autonomic
44
Neurons in the spinal cord and brain that link sensory and motor neurons
interneurons
45
Sensory receptors in the eye that respond to light
Photoreceptors
46
Sensory receptors in your nose and tongue that respond to chemicals
chemoreceptors
47
Division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for stress
Sympathetic
48
Division of the autonomic nervous system that return the body to normal after stress
PArasympathetic
49
A thin layer of photoreceptors that line the inside of the eye; contains rods and cones
Retina
50
The transparent tissue on the front of the eye; allows light through
cornea
51
Coloured portion of the eye that contains muscles that control the size of the pupil
iris
52
Muscles that bend the lens and allow for accommodation
Ciliary muscles
53
Jelly like substance that fills the eyeball
Vitreous Humor
54
The tough, white covering that protects 5/6 of the eyeball
sclera
55
The layer of blood vessels that nourish the eye
Choroid layer
56
Transparent tissue that bends light as it passes through the eye; allows focus
Lens
57
What are rods?
Rods are photoreceptors that respond to low light conditions Impulse from group of rod cells pass to single nerve in optic nerve.
58
What are cones (in the eye)
Cones are photoreceptors that respond to bright conditions and color Impulse from a single cone cell passes to a single nerve fibre of optic nerve.

Bio 12 (3 decks)

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