Nervous System

Question 1

neuron

Answer 1

specialized nervous tissue with the purpose of transmitting electrical signals

Question 2

central nervous sytem

Answer 2

brain which is housed in the cranium and the spine which is housed in the vertebral column

Question 3

peripheral nervous system

Answer 3

nerves that connect to the rest of the body

Question 4

nerves

Answer 4

an organ composed of bundles of axons, connective tissue layers, and blood vessels

Question 5

somatic sensory

Answer 5

consciously perceive stimuli

Question 6

visceral sensory

Answer 6

detects stimuli that we don’t usually consciously perceive

Question 7

epineurium

Answer 7

outermost supporting connective tissue layer of peripheral nerves

Question 8

perineurium

Answer 8

fibrous sheath enveloping each of the fascicles within nerves

Question 9

endoneurium

Answer 9

areolar connective tissue that surrounds each axon of a peripheral nerve

Question 10

cranial nerves

Answer 10

extend from the brain itself

Question 11

spinal nerves

Answer 11

extend from the spine

Question 12

sensory nerves

Answer 12

takes information to the CNS

Question 13

motor nerves

Answer 13

receives information from the CNS

Question 14

ganglion

Answer 14

cluster of neuron cell bodies within the PNS

Question 15

nervous tissue

Answer 15

primary tissue of the nervous system, consists of either neurons or glial cells

Question 16

soma

Answer 16

neuron cell body

Question 17

perikaryon

Answer 17

cytoplasm within the neuron cell body

Question 18

dendrites

Answer 18

small tapering processes that branch off the cell body

Question 19

axoplasm

Answer 19

cytoplasm in the axon

Question 20

axolemma

Answer 20

plasma membrane of an axon

Question 21

axon

Answer 21

longer process emanating from the cell body, meant to make contact with other neurons

Question 22

synapse

Answer 22

specific location where a neuron is functionally connected to either another neuron or effector (muscle or gland)

Question 23

glial

Answer 23

cells that are sometimes referred to as neuroglia. they’re smaller then neurons and capable of cell division. they don’t transmit electrical signals but instead assist neurons

Question 24

astrocyte cells

Answer 24

star like shape and most abundant in the CNS

Question 25

ependymal cells

Answer 25

simple cuboidal cells that lines the internal caves of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord

Question 26

microglial cell

Answer 26

small cells with branches extending from the main body. smallest percentage of CNS cells

Question 27

satellite cells

Answer 27

flattened cells around neuronal cell bodies and ganglion

Question 28

schwan cells

Answer 28

elongated ang flattened cells that wrap around PNS cells to form a myelin sheath

Question 29

oligodendrocyte

Answer 29

large cells with bulbous bodies and slender cytoplasmic extensions which wraps around axons for insulation

Question 30

unipolar neurons

Answer 30

single shot neuron processes that branch out like a T

Question 31

bipolar neurons

Answer 31

2 processes that extend from either side of the body, one axon and one dendrite, extremely limited in the body

Question 32

multipolar neurons

Answer 32

many dendrites and a single axon which makes them the most common neuron type

Question 33

pumps

Answer 33

maintains specific concentration gradients by moving substances against a concentration gradient

Question 34

channels

Answer 34

provides the means for a substance to move down with its concentration gradient. Contains 2 types of channels: Leak (passive) channels, and Chemically Gated Channels.

Question 35

leak channels

Answer 35

always open and allows for constant diffusion of a specific gradient (high concentration to low concentration)

Question 36

Chemically Gated Channels

Answer 36

normally closed but temporarily open in response to binding of a neurotransmitter and only allows for a specific type of ion to diffuse

Question 37

Voltage Gated Channels

Answer 37

normally closed but sometimes change in response to changes in electrical potential in the plasma membrane

Question 38

Generation of an EPSP

Answer 38

neurotransmitter is released, chemically gated cation channels open, EPSP is established, EPSP moves towards initial segment.

Question 39

all or none law

Answer 39

if a threshold is reached there will be no changed in intensity. works opposite way too

Question 40

neurotransmitters

Answer 40

small organic molecules that are synthesized by neurons and stored within vesicles within synaptic knobs

Question 41

neuromodulators

Answer 41

substances that locally regulate or alter the response of neurons to neurotransmitters

Question 42

facilitation

Answer 42

when there is greater response from a postsynaptic neuron because of the release of neuromodulators

Question 43

inhibition

Answer 43

when there is less response from a postsynaptic neuron because of the release of neuromodulators