Nervous System

Question 1

3 Meninges of the brain

Answer 1

Pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater

Question 2

Cerebrospinal fluid flows in _____ spaces of the meninges and through central canal and ventricles (brain).

Answer 2

Subarachnoid spaces

Question 3

Main function of CSF

Answer 3

Mechanical protection (Shock absorption), gives lubrication and buoyancy.

Question 4

Secretes and produces CSF.

Answer 4

Choroid plexuses

Question 5

2 major sets of arteries

Answer 5

Internal carotid arteries (anterior)
Vertebral arteries (posterior)

Question 6

Colleterial circulation routes

Answer 6

Circle of Willis

Question 7

Prevents transport of many substances through capillaries of brain tissue?

Answer 7

BBB

Question 8

Composition of the BBB.

Answer 8

• Tight junction between endothelial cells (reduce permeability to the brain)
• Astrocytes (star shaped glial cells, provides structural support and regulate the passage of the molecules that passes through the barrier.) Interacts specifically with the endothelial cells.

Question 9

Major parts of the brain

Answer 9

1. Brain stem (basic bodily functions, fight or flight)
   - medulla oblongata
   - pons
   - midbrain
2. Cerebellum (small brain, controlling our basic movements)
3. Diencephalon (crucial functions related to the sensory processing, hormone regulation)
   - Thalamus
   - Hypothalamus
4. Cerebrum (biggest part, responsible for high level thinking)

Question 10

Components of the Brainstem

Answer 10

• midbrain
• pons
• medulla oblongata

Question 11

Superior to and continuous with the spinal cord.

Answer 11

Brainstem

Question 12

What does medulla oblongata control?

Answer 12

(located below the pons, connects the spinal cord to the brain)

• Cardiovascular center (heart rate, blood pressure)
• Controls the respiratory center (breathing)
• Sneezing , coughing, deglutition centers

Question 13

Bulges that contain corticospinal (descending) tracts

Answer 13

Medulla oblongata

Question 14

First contact point of your spinal cord as well as your brain

Answer 14

Medulla oblongata

Question 15

“bridge”

Answer 15

pons

Question 16

Connects various components of brain and spinal cord

Answer 16

Pons

Question 17

Relay station for signals going between crebellum

Answer 17

Pontine nuclei

Question 18

Functions of midbrain

Answer 18

• conveys sensory and motor impulses
• regulates auditory and visual reflexes
• helps coordinate some muscular movements.

Question 19

Also known as Mesencephalon

Answer 19

Midbrain

Question 20

large bundles of nerve fibers located in your midbrain, and serves as a pathway

Answer 20

Cerebral peduncle

Question 21

Responsible for Visual and auditory processing

Answer 21

Superior colliculi and inferior colliculi

Question 22

Located between cerebrum and cerebellum

Answer 22

Diencephalon

Question 23

Houses the epithalamus (secretes melatonin), thalamus (protection of sensory data, touch, pain, temperature) hypothalamus (hormones and regulation of emotion)

Answer 23

Diencephalon

Question 24

Structure located at the back of our brains

Answer 24

Cerebellum

Question 25

Maintenance of our involuntary movements

Answer 25

Cerebellum

Question 26

More than half of our neurons are located where?

Answer 26

Cerebellum

Question 27

Maintenance of muscle tone, posture, and balance.

Answer 27

Cerebellum

Question 28

The right and left hemisphere is separated by what?

Answer 28

the Vermis

Question 29

"Seat of our intelligence"

Answer 29

Cerebrum

Question 30

The cerebrum is divided into ____

Answer 30

cerebral cortex - white matter - gray matter

Question 31

Bumps of the brain

Answer 31

Gyri

Question 32

Shallow grooves of the brain

Answer 32

Sulci or Sulcus

Question 33

Deep grooves of the brain

Answer 33

Fissures

Question 34

separates the hemispheres

Answer 34

Longitudinal fissures

Question 35

Responsible for higher cognitive processes, planning and decision making

Answer 35

Frontal lobe

Question 36

Sensory processing, spatial awareness, navigation skills and language processing

Answer 36

Parietal love

Question 37

Primary important in auditory processing, emotional responses

Answer 37

Temporal lobe

Question 38

Important for visual processing, storing visual memories

Answer 38

Occipital lobe

Question 39

Spoken and written language, numerical and scientific skills, organization of perceptions, "Brain chatter"

Answer 39

Left hemisphere brain

Question 40

Musical and artistic awareness, space and pattern perception, insight and imagination

Answer 40

Right hemisphere of brain

Question 41

group of structure located deep into the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 41

Basal nuclei

Question 42

Important parts of the basal nuclei

Answer 42

- Caudate nucleus - Putamen - Globus pallidus

Question 43

Network of neuron, arousal, attention and sensory filtering

Answer 43

Reticular formation

Question 43

What is the limbic system?

Answer 43

Complex set of structure, primarily responsible for the regulation of emotions and other aspects of behavior.

Question 44

Regulates arousal and consciousness

Answer 44

Reticular activating system (RAS)

Question 45

Damage to the reticular activating system

Answer 45

insomnia or hypersomnia