Nervous System Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

is the largest part of the
brain and is responsible for many of the
brain’s higher functions

Cerebrum

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a complex network of cells and tissues responsible for coordinating and regulating bodily functions.

Nervous System

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(CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord

Central Nervous System

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(PNS), which connects the CNS to the rest of the body

Peripheral Nervous System

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Anatomy and Physiology of Nervous System

Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Neurons

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CNS: Brain parts

I. Cerebrum

II. Cerebellum

III. Brainstem

IV. Diencephalon

V. Limbic system

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CNS: Spinal Cord parts

I. Cervical spinal cord

II. Thoracic spinal cord

III. Lumbar spinal cord

IV. Sacral spinal cord

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located at the front of the
brain, associated with reasoning,
planning, motor control, and language.

Frontal Lobe

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situated at the top of the
brain, involved in processing sensory
information like touch, temperature, and
pain.

Parietal Lobe

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found on the side of the
brain, deals with auditory information
and memory.

Temporal Lobe

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located at the back of the
brain, responsible for visual processing.

Occipital Lobe

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The portion of the brain in the back of the head
between the cerebrum and the brain stem. The
___________ controls balance for walking and
standing, and other complex motor functions.

Cerebellum

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coordinates voluntary
movements.

Anterior Lobe

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involved in fine-tuning
movements.

Posterior Lobe

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Maintains balance and posture

Flocculonodular Lobe

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connects the brain to the spinal
cord and controls vital functions like
breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It
also regulates sleep and basic motor
movements.

Brainstem

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controls visual and auditory reflexes and
motor coordination

Midbrain

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acts as a bridge between different parts of the brain, aiding in the regulation of sleep and respiration

Pons

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regulates vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration

Medulla Oblongata

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is a part of the brain located
between the brainstem and the cerebrum. It
plays a crucial role in relaying sensory
information, regulating autonomic functions,
and maintaining homeostasis

Diencephalon

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relays sensory and motor signals to the
cerebral cortex

Thalamus

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regulates autonomic functions,
such as hunger, thirst, and body temperature, and
controls the endocrine system via the pituitary
gland

Hypothalamus

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is a group of structures in the
brain that controls emotions, memory, and
motivation.

Limbic System

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plays a critical role in memory
formation and spatial navigation.

Hippocampus

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Important for the formation of new memories and spatial navigation. It converts short-term memories into long-term ones.

Amygdala

controls neck, arms, and diaphragm.

Cervical spinal cord

controls trunk and abdominal muscles.

Thoracic spinal cord

controls lower limbs and parts of the bladder and bowels.

Lumbar spinal cord

involved in pelvic organs and parts of the lower limbs.

Sacral spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System SNS and ANS

1. Somatic Nervous System (SNS) 2. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) a. Sympathetic Nervous System b. Parasympathetic Nervous system

is a major part of the nervous system, comprising all the nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System

It connects the central nervous system (CNS) to the limbs and organs, facilitating communication between the CNS and the rest of the body.

Peripheral Nervous System

including thought, memory, sensation, voluntary movement, and consciousness. It is divided into two hemispheres—left and right—that are connected by a bundle of fibers called the corpus callosum. Each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body.

Cerebrum

controls balance for walking and standing, and other complex motor functions.

Cerebellum

allows you to move and control muscles throughout your body.

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Regulates involuntary bodily functions, including heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. It is further divided into:

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Your sympathetic nervous system is best known for its role in responding to dangerous or stressful situations. In these situations, your sympathetic nervous system activates to speed up your heart rate, deliver more blood to areas of your body that need more oxygen or other responses to help your get out of danger.

Sympathetic nervous system

responsible for the body's rest and digestion response when the body is relaxed, resting, or feeding. It basically undoes the work of sympathetic division after a stressful situation.

Parasympathetic nervous system

Parts of the neuron

1. Cell body (soma) 2. Dendrites 3. Axon

are nerve cells that send messages all over your body to allow you to do everything from breathing to talking, eating, walking, and thinking.

Neurons

Maintains the neuron's health and processes incoming signals from dendrites.

Cell body (Soma)

Receive signals from other neurons and send them to the soma.

Dendrites

Transmits electrical impulses away from the soma to other neurons or cells.

Axon

Contains the genetic material (chromosomes) of the neuron cell

Nucleus

Insulates the axon to help protect the neuron cell & speed up transmission of electrical impulses

Myelin Sheath

Transmits electrical & chemical signals to other neuron cells & effector cells

Axon Terminal

consists of the brain and spinal cord. it serves as the main control center for processing sensory information, generating thoughts, and coordinating responses throughout the body.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The CNS receives sensory input from the body through sensory neurons. This input can come from various stimuli, such as touch, sound, light, and internal signals related to bodily functions.

Information Reception

Once sensory information reaches the CNS, it is processed and integrated. The brain interprets this data to form perceptions and make decisions. For example, if you touch something hot, sensory neurons send signals to the brain indicating pain.

Integration

After processing information, the CNS generates appropriate responses by sending signals through motor neurons. These signals travel from the brain down the spinal cord to target muscles or glands, leading to actions such as moving your hand away from a hot surface.

Motor Output

Connects the CNS to the rest of the body, including limbs and organs. It encompasses all nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System

It acts as a communication network, relaying sensory information to the CNS and transmitting motor commands from the CNS to muscles and glands.

Transmission of Signals

Carries information from sensory receptors to the CNS

Sensory Neurons (Afferent)

Carries Information from CNS to muscles and glands

Motor Neurons (Efferent)

2 Systems of Motor Neurons

Autonomic Nervous System Somatic Nervous System

This part of the PNS regulates involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate.

Autonomic Nervous System

This component of the PNS controls voluntary movements by relaying signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles. It processes sensory inputs like touch and pain and coordinates voluntary actions such as walking or speaking

Somatic Nervous System

The ANS is further divided into

Sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System

Responsible for the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body to react to stressful or dangerous situations by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and redirecting blood flow to muscles.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Promotes the "rest and digest" response, helping the body conserve energy by slowing the heart rate, Increasing digestion, and relaxing muscles after a stressful event.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

It serves as the main control center for processing sensory information, generating thoughts, and coordinating responses throughout the body.

Central Nervous System

Recieves and interprets sensory information to form perceptions and make decisions

Brain

Carries signals to and from the brain, controls reflex activities.

Spinal Cord

The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body, including limbs and organs. It encompasses all nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System

Carries information from sensory receptors to the CNS

Sensory Neurons (Afferent)

Carries information from CNS to muscles and glands

Motor Neurons (Efferent)

Regulates involuntary bodily functions

Autonomic Nervous System

Controls voluntary movements

Somatic Nervous System

Responsible for the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body to react to stressful situations.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Promotes the "rest and digest" response, helping the body conserve energy.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

(Interactions with other organ systems) The nervous system controls muscle contractions that move bones, enabling locomotion. The skull and vertebrae protect the brain and spinal cord, respectively.

Skeletal System

(Interactions with other organ systems) The nervous system controls muscle contractions, enabling movement, posture, and internal organ function. It receives feedback from muscles about body position and movement.

Muscular System

(Interactions with other organ systems) The nervous system regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and blood vessel diameter. It also controls the flow of blood to different organs based on their needs.

Circulatory System

(Interactions with other organ systems) The nervous system controls breathing rate and depth, ensuring adequate oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal. It monitors blood gas levels and adjusts breathing accordingly.

Respiratory System

(Interactions with other organ systems) The nervous system controls the movement of food through the digestive tract, regulates the release of digestive juices, and influences appetite and satiety.

Digestive System

(Interactions with other organ systems) The nervous system interacts with the endocrine system through the hypothalamus, which controls the pituitary gland and other endocrine glands. This interaction regulates hormone production and release, influencing various bodily functions.

Endocrine System

(Interactions with other organ systems) The nervous system can influence immune responses, both directly and indirectly. It can modulate the activity of immune cells and the production of immune mediators.

Immune System

(Interactions with other organ systems) The nervous system controls urination and defecation, regulating the elimination of waste products.

Excretory System

(Interactions with other organ systems) The nervous system receives sensory information from the skin about touch, temperature, and pain. It also controls the activity of sweat glands and blood vessels in the skin, regulating body temperature.

Integumentary System

Nervous System Flashcards

(79 cards)