Nervous System Flashcards
(170 cards)
1
Q
The CNS is
A
the brain
2
Q
The PNS is
A
12 cranial nerves
dorsal and ventral root remain separate
3
Q
3 types of cranial nerves
A
Ventral roots
Dorsal roots
Special Senory
4
Q
Ventral Roots (4)
A
somatic MOTOR innervation to EYE & Tongue Muscles
5
Q
Dorsal Roots (5) 3 types of dorsal roots
A
- Somatic & visceral Sensory
- “somatic” motor to pharyngeal arch muscles
- visceral motor (parasympathetic) to smooth muscles & glands
6
Q
Special Sensory Nerves (3)
A
Smell (I)
Vision (II)
Hearing (VIII)
Taste (VII, IX, X)
7
Q
CNS is also
A
spinal cord
8
Q
PNS is also
A
31 pairs of spinal nerves
9
Q
spinal nerves are
A
dorsal & ventral roots that create Mixed spinal nerves
10
Q
Ventral root of spinal nerve
A
somatic & visceral MOTOR
11
Q
Dorsal root of spinal nerve
A
somatic & ventral SENSORY
12
Q
CN Primitive Ventral Root (4) are strictly
A
MOTOR
13
Q
Motor to eye by primitive ventral roots of CN
A
III, IV, VI
14
Q
motor to tongue by primitive ventral roots of CN
A
XII
15
Q
CN Primitive Dorsal Root (5) may include
A
motor to pharyngeal arches,
sensory & parasympathetic
16
Q
Primitive Dorsal Root CN are
A
V, VII, IX, X, XI
17
Q
Pharyngeal Arches is cartilage that forms
A
several small bones of the head region
18
Q
pharyngeal arch muscles are much of the musculature in the
A
face, oral cavity, pharynx, & larynx
19
Q
innervation to pharyngeal arch muscles
A
DORSAL ROOT CN
20
Q
Sympathetic innervation to the head is the outflow from
A
spinal cord levels T1-L2
21
Q
it travels the same pathway to
A
sympathetic trunk
22
Q
it passes upwards, along trunk to synapse in the
A
cervical ganglion
23
Q
postganglionic fibers travel back to
A
spinal nerves
24
Q
or if traveling back to head
A
follow arteries
25
Parasympathetic to the head is outflow from
brain (Cranial Nerves) or S2-S4
26
for head or neck all from cranial nerves:
III, VII, IX, X
27
synapse in
parasympathetic ganglia (4 pairs) in the head
28
Special Sensory Nerves
I (smell)
II (Vision)
VIII (hearing)
29
Primitive Ventral Roots
III (extraocular mm)
IV (extraocular mm)
VI (extraocular mm)
XII (tongue mm)
30
Primitive Dorsal Roots
```
V
VII
IX
X
XI
```
31
Olfactory I
Special Sensory: Smell
32
Optic II
Special Sensory: Sight
33
Oculomotor III
Primitive Ventral Root
motor Eye muscles
Parasympathetic
34
Trochlear IV
Primitive Ventral Root
| motor Eye muscles
35
Trigeminal V
Primitive Dorsal Root General Sensory
| motor to Arch 1 muscles
36
Abducent VI
Primitive Ventral Root
| motor Eye muscles
37
Facial VII
Primitive Dorsal Root General Sensory
Special Sensory: Taste
Motor to Arch 2 muscles
Parasympathetic
38
Vestibulocochlear VIII
Special Sensory: Hearing/balance
39
Glossopharyngeal IX
Primitive Dorsal Root General Sensory
Special Sensory: Taste
Motor to Arch 3
parasympathetic
40
Vagus X
Primitive Dorsal Root General Sensory
Special Sensory: Taste
Motor to Arches 4-6
parasympathetic
41
Spinal Accessory XI
Primitive Dorsal Root
| Motor to Trapezius and SCM
42
Hypoglossal XII
Primitive Ventral Root
| Motor to Tongue
43
Trigeminal Nerve V Innervates:
Pharyngeal Arch 1
| SENSORY Nerve to the face
44
V1 division
Ophthalmic (sensory)
45
V2 division
Maxillary (sensory)
46
V3 division
Mandibular (most sensory)
47
Mandibular has a small motor branch to
the 8 muscles in the head
48
Facial Nerve VII innervates
Pharyngeal Arch 2
| ALL muscles of FACIAL EXPRESSION
49
Other sensory nerves include:
Greater Occipital
Lesser Occipital
Greater auricular
50
Greater Occipital cords
dorsal rami C2
51
Lesser Occipital cords
ventral rami C2
52
Greater Auricular cord
ventral rami C2-C3
53
Ophthalmic V1 gives off
Supraorbital n.
Supratrochlear n.
External Nasal n.
Lacrimal n.
54
Maxillary V2 gives off
Infraorbital n.
Zygomaticofacial n.
Zygomatiotemporal n.
55
Mandibular V3 gives oof
Mental n.
Buccal n.
Auriculotemporal n.
56
Trigeminal Nerve branches supply _______ to the face
general sensory
57
outer surface is
cutaenous
58
inner surfaces & contents of
orbit, nasal cavity, and oral (teetch and anterior 2/3 of tongue)
59
Mandibular V3 motor to
```
4 mm of mastication
anterior digastric
mylohyoid mm
tensor veli palatini
tensor tympani mm
```
60
Interior Regions of the Trigeminal N.
nasal cavities
oral cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
61
Motor Branches of Facial Nerve VII
```
temporal n.
zygomatic n.
buccal n.
mandibular n.
cervical n.
posterior auricular n.
```
62
Motor Branches of Facial nerves exit cranial cavity by:
stylomastoid foramen
63
6 major branches pass through _______ and fan out to supply the muscle of FE
parotid gland
64
Bell's Palsy may result from compression of _______ near the _________
Facial N.
| stylomastoid foramen
65
Ansa Cervicalis is a
nerve loop formed from the branches of VENTRAL RAMI C1-C3
66
Ansa Cercivalis is a part of the
cervical plexus
67
Superior Root from _____ travels a short distance with ______
C1
| Hypoglossal Nerve
68
Superior Root supplies
upper mm
| geniohyoid and thyrohyoid
69
Inferior Root is from
C2-C3
70
Inferior Root supplies
lower mm
Sternohyoid
Sternothryoid
omohyoid
71
Greater Occipital cords and supply
C2
| sensory to back of the skull
72
Lesser Occipital cords and supply
C2
| sensory to side of head
73
Accessory N. cords and supply
XI
| SCM and trap
74
Greater Auricular cords and supply
C2-C3
| sensory to inner ear
75
Transverse Cervical cords and supply
C2-C3
| sensory to upper neck
76
Supraclavicular cords and supply
C3-C4
| sensory to lower neck
77
Phrenic nerve is located on the
anterior surface of the Anterior Scalene m.
78
Cervical Sympathetic Trunk output from CNS from
T1-L2
79
all sympathetics going to the head synapse in
cervical ganglion
80
most synapse in the
Superior Cervical ganglion
81
post synaptic neurons travel to the ______
| to form the ______
carotid aa.
| internal & external carotid plexuses
82
Cervical sympathetic trunk supplis
glands of the head
smooth m in arteries
sweat glands
erector pili m.
83
Cervical Plexus is the
ventral rami of C1-C4
| dorsal rami C1-C2
84
Ventral Rami C1 is
Superior Root of the Ansa Cervicalis
85
Ventral Rami C2 is
Lesser Occipital n.
| sensory to the side of the head and neck
86
Ventral Rami C2-C3 is
Inferior Root of Ansa Cervicalis
Greater Occipital
Transverse Cervical
87
C3-C4 isVentral Rami
Supraclavicular nn
88
Ventral Rami C3-C5 is
Phrenic N.
89
C1-C3 is
prevertebral mm
90
Dorsal Rami C1
Suboccipital n
| motor to suboccipital mm triangle
91
Dorsal Rami C2
Greater occipital n.
| sensory to back of head
92
This Starts the CN section
This Starts the Cranial Nerves section
93
OLFACTORY N. CN I
Special Sensory: SMELL
94
(CN 1) primary neurons located in the
olfactory epithelium of superior nasal cavity
95
(CN 1) nerves penetrate the ______ and travel to the _____
cribiform plate and travel to the olfactory bulb
96
(CN 1) cell bodies of secondary sensory neurons are located in the
olfactory bulb
97
olfactory tract conveys the nerve impulse from
olfactory bulb to the brain
98
_______ &_______ are outgrowths of the brain
tract & bulb
99
olfactory epithelium on in the superior par of the nasal cavity extending to the
superior nasal conchae & nasal septum
100
injuries to the upper nasal cavity can result is
anosmia
| the loss of smell on the affected side
101
olfactory nerve fibers are smell
independent on each side
| and tested on each side
102
when smell is diminished things
taste less
103
OPTIC N. CN II
Special Sensory: Vision
104
Retina represents an
outgrowth of the brain into the eye
105
receptor cells are
rods & cons
106
rods & cons transmit impules via the
OPTIC NERVE
107
Optic Nerve passes through the
optic canal to exit the orbit
108
CN II passes through the optic canal to exit the orbit and enters the
middle cranial fossa
109
fibers decussate in the _____ to form the _______
optic chiasma to form the optic tracts
110
optic tracts convey fibers to
lateral geniculate body of the thalamus
111
______ is necessary to judge depth of field or distance
binocular vision
112
fiber from the ______ side cross at the optic chiasma
medial
113
optic nerve contains fibers from
both visual fields from the same eye
114
optic tract contains fibers from the
same visual field from both eyes
115
damage to Optic nerve results in
unilateral blindess
116
damage to the Optic chiasma results in
bilateral temporal field blindess
117
damage to the optic track results in
left or right visual field blindness
118
what 3 nerves enter the via the superior orbital fissure?
III
IV
VI
119
Oculomotor is _____ and ______
motor
| parasympathetic
120
III is motor to:
5 extraocular muscles
121
those 5 extra ocular muscles are
```
superior
medial
inferior rectus
inferior oblique
levator palpebrea superioris
```
122
III is parasympathetic to
sphincter of pupil
| ciliary mm.
123
III parasympathetics travel through_____ ganglion and to the sphincter of the pupil via _______
ciliary ganglion
| short ciliary n.
124
IV is motor to
superior oblique m
125
VI is motor to
lateral rectus
126
Trigeminal is ___________ to the face
general sensory
127
trigeminal ganglion is locatd in the
middle cranial fossa
128
V1 exits cranial fossa via ______ and associated ganglion
superior orbital fissure
| ciliary gang
129
V2 exits cranial fossa via ________ and enters the______ and associated gang
foramen rotundum
ptergopalatine fossa
pterygopalatine gang
130
V3 exits cranial fossa via _____ enters the_______ and associated gang
foramen ovale
infratemporal fossa
submandibular gang
131
Branches of Nerves that come off V1
frontal n.
nasociliary n.
lacrimal n.
anterior ethmoidal n.
132
these branches go to the
orbit
133
Branches of V2
```
superior alveolar n.
infraorbital n.
nasopalatine n.
Greater palatine n.
Lesser palatine n.
```
134
Branches of V3
```
Inferior alveolar n.
lingual n.
buccal n.
auriculotemporal n.
mental n.
motor branch to 8 muscles
```
135
Facial Nerve divides into _____ branches
3 major branches
136
those three major branches are
Motor Branch
Greater Petrosal N.
Chorda Tympani N.
137
Motor branch of Facial N. goes to
muscles of facial expression
Stapedis
Post. digastric
stylohyoid mm.
138
Greater Petrosal N. is _______ to _______ gang
parasympathetic to
| pterygopalatine gang via pterygoid canal
139
Greater Petrosal is joined with _______ carrying _______ fibers from _______
Deep Petrosal N.
sympathetic fibers
from carotid plexus
140
Together they make the
Nerve of the Pterygoid Canal
141
Chorda Tympani N. joins with _______ and supplies _______ to the ________
Lingual N.
| anterior 2/3 of the tongue
142
it sends parasympathetics to the ________ gang and supplies the ________
submandiublar gang
| supplies the submandibular and sublingual glands
143
Vestibulocochlear N. is __________ for _____&_____
special sensory for hearing & equilibrium
144
two branches of the Vesibulocochlear N. is
Cochlear N.
| Vestibular N.
145
Cochlear N. sends fibers to the _____ for ______
cochlea for hearing
146
Vestbular N. sends fibers to the _________ for ________
semilunar canals for balance
147
VIII exit the ________ by passing into the _______ along with ________
middle cranial fossa by passing into the internal acoustic meatus along with facial N.
148
XI exit sthe cranial cavity via:
jugular forman
149
XI is motor to
stylopharyngeus m
150
XI is general sensory to the
pharynx, palatine tonsil, post 1/3 of tongue, auditory tube, middle ear & inner surface of the eardrum
151
XI is special sensory to the
taste for posterior 1/3 tongue
152
XI is also sensory for ______ via _______
blood pressure via carotid sinus
153
XI is parasympathetic to the ______ via_______ & _______
parotid gland
| via Lesser Petrosal N. and otic ganglion
154
The jugular foramen contains the
internal jugular vein
CN IX
CN I
CN XI
155
Vagus N. exits the cranial cavity via the
jugular foramen
156
Vagus is joined with the _______ of ______
cranial root of the accessory N.
157
Vagus is motor to
muscles of the soft palate
pharynx
larynx
158
Vagus is sensory to
larynx & inferior pharynx
159
Vagus is taste for
base of tongue
epiglottis
and soft palate
160
Vagus is parasympathetic to
smooth muscle & glands in pharynx
larynx
thoracic and abdominal viscera
161
Branches of the Vagus N.
Pharyngeal N.
Superior Laryngeal N.
Recurrent Laryngeal N.
162
Pharyngeal N. is motor to
muscles of the soft palate
| superior, middle, pharyngeal constrictors
163
Superior Laryngeal N. gives of two branches
External Laryngeal N.
| Internal Laryngeal N.
164
External Laryngeal N. is motor to
cricothyroid m and upper part of inferior constrictor
165
Internal Laryngeal N is sensory to
larynx above the vocal cords
166
Recurrent Laryngeal N. is motor to
muscles of larynx and lower part of inferior constrictor
167
Recurrent Laryngeal N. is sensory to
area above vocal cords
168
accessory N. is motor to
traps and SCM
169
XI is joined by sensory fibers from
C2-4
170
Hypoglossal N. is motor to
extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles
