Nervous System

Question 1

Brain

Spinal cord

Answer 1

Central nervous system

Question 2

Nervous tissue outside CNS

Answer 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 3

conducts action
potentials from sensory receptors to the CNS

Answer 3

Sensory (afferent) division

Question 4

conducts action
potentials from the CNS to effector organs, such
as muscles and glands

Answer 4

Motor (efferent) division

Question 5

transmits action potentials from
the CNS to skeletal muscles

Answer 5

Somatic NS

Question 6

transmits action potentials
from the CNS to cardiac muscle, smooth
muscle, and glands.

Answer 6

Autonomic NS

Question 7

Page 9 ppt

Answer 7

page 9 ppt

Question 8

Page 15 ppt

Answer 8

page 15 ppt

Question 9

contains a
single nucleus

nucleus of the neuron is
the source of information
for gene expression

Answer 9

Cell body

Question 10

receive information from
other neurons or from
sensory receptors and
transmit the information
toward the neuron cell
body

Answer 10

Dendrites

Question 11

Axon single long cell
process extending from
the neuron cell body

conduct action potentials

Answer 11

Neurons

Question 12

area where
the axon leaves the
neuron cell body

Answer 12

Axon hillock

Question 13

Page 17 ppt

Answer 13

page 17 ppt

Question 14

What are the types of neurons?

Answer 14

Multipolar – most motor and CNS neurons

To receive input from many different source

Bipolar – special senses

Pseudo-unipolar – most sensory neurons

Question 15

The difference between multipolar neuron, bipolar neuron, and pseudo-unipolar neuron

Answer 15

A multipolar neuron has many dendrites and an axon, the bipolar neuron has a dendrite an an axon while pseudo-unipolar neuron have an axon but no dendrite

Question 16

major
supporting cell

Answer 16

Astrocytes

Question 17

separates blood from
the brain’s
extracellular fluid

Answer 17

Blood brain barrier page 22

Question 18

line the
fluid-filled cavities
(ventricles and canals)
within the CNS

Answer 18

Ependymal cells

Question 19

immune cells of the CNS

help protect the brain by removing bacteria and
cell debris

Answer 19

Microglia

Question 20

specialized layers that wrap around the axons of
some neurons

Answer 20

Myelin Sheaths

Axons with these myelin sheaths are called
myelinated axons

Question 21

gaps are called

Answer 21

nodes of ranvier

Question 22

consists of groups of neuron cell
bodies and their dendrites, where there is very
little myelin

Answer 22

Gray matter

Question 23

Parallel axons with myelin sheath

Answer 23

White matter Page 30

Question 24

are closed until opened by
specific signals.

Answer 24

Gated channels

Question 25

Describe the difference between Chemically gated channels and voltage-gated channels

Answer 25

Chemically gated channels are opened by neurotransmitters or other chemicals Voltage-gated channels are opened by a change in membrane potential

Question 26

rapid sequence of changes in the voltage across a membrane

Answer 26

Action Potential

Question 27

Page 39

Answer 27

Resting membrane potential

Question 28

Page 40

Answer 28

Depolarization

Question 29

Page 41

Answer 29

Repolarization

Question 30

Threshold is reached = action potential Threshold is not reached =

Answer 30

action potential is not reached = no action potential

Question 31

action potential propagation across unmyelinated axons

Answer 31

Continuous conduction

Question 32

in myelinated axons, action potentials “jump” from one node of Ranvier to the next along the length of the axon

Answer 32

Saltatory Conduction

Question 33

junction where the axon of one neuron interacts with another neuron or with cells of an effector organ, such as a muscle or gland

Answer 33

Synapse

Question 34

end of the axon forms a

Answer 34

presynaptic terminal

Question 35

The membrane of the dendrite or effector cell is the

Answer 35

postsynaptic membrane

Question 36

space separating the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes is the

Answer 36

synaptic cleft

Question 37

Chemical substances called

Answer 37

neurotransmitters

Question 38

neurotransmitters are stored in

Answer 38

synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal.

Question 39

involuntary reaction in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the CNS

Answer 39

Reflexes

Question 40

basic functional unit of the nervous system because it is the smallest, simplest pathway capable of receiving a stimulus and yielding a response

Answer 40

Reflex arc

Question 41

arise along the spinal cord from the union of the dorsal roots and ventral roots

Answer 41

Spinal nerves

Question 42

contain axons of both sensory and somatic motor neurons and thus are called

Answer 42

mixed nerves

Question 43

Page 65 ppt

Question 44

Spinal nerves _______ do not join a plexus because they directly control the muscles and skin in the chest and abdomen

Answer 44

T2 through T11

Question 45

Three major plexus

Answer 45

Cervical plexus – neck, upper shoulders Phrenic nerve – diaphragm Brachial plexus – upper limbs Lumbosacral plexus – lower limbs and pelvic region

Question 46

page 72

Question 47

How many nerves we have?

Answer 47

12 cranial nerves 31 spinal nerves

Question 48

Which part of the brainstem, located at its most inferior portion and continuous with the spinal cord, regulates vital functions such as heart rate, blood vessel diameter, breathing, swallowing, and coordination?

Answer 48

Medulla oblongata

Question 50

functional bridge between the cerebrum and cerebellum breathing, swallowing, balance, chewing and salivation

Answer 50

Pons

Question 51

smallest region of the brainstem

Answer 51

Midbrain

Question 52

major relay centers for the auditory nerve pathways

Answer 52

Inferior colliculi

Question 53

visual reflexes and receive touch and auditory input

Answer 53

Superior colliculi

Question 54

involved in maintaining balance and muscle tone and in coordinating fine motor movement.

Answer 54

Cerebellum

Question 55

part of the brain between the brainstem and the cerebrum

Answer 55

Diencephalon

Question 56

largest part of the diencephalon. processes and sends sensory information to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex for interpretation

Answer 56

Thalamus

Question 57

body homeostasis linking the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland control of body temperature, hunger, and thirst. Sensations such as sexual pleasure, rage, fear, and relaxation after a meal

Answer 57

Hypothalamus

Question 58

small area superior and posterior to the thalamus

Answer 58

Hypothalamus

Question 59

regulating the body's circadian rhythms Releases melatonin

Answer 59

Pineal gland

Question 60

largest part of the brain

Answer 60

Cerebrum

Question 61

Gyri – folds Sulci - grooves

Answer 61

PAge 83

Question 62

control of voluntary motor functions, motivation, aggression, mood, and olfactory (smell) reception

Answer 62

Frontal lobe

Question 63

principal center for receiving and consciously perceiving most sensory information, such as touch, pain, temperature, and balance

Answer 63

Parietal lobe

Question 64

involved in olfactory (smell) and auditory (hearing) sensations and plays an important role in memory

Answer 64

Temporal lobe

Question 65

receiving and perceiving visual input

Answer 65

occipital lobe

Question 66

Describe what is autonomic nervous system

Answer 66

Sympathetic fight-or-flight prepares the body for physical activity Parasympathetic rest-and-digest stimulates involuntary activities of the body at rest

Question 67

action potentials initiated in this region control voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

Answer 67

Primary motor cortex

Question 68

where motor functions are organized before they are actually initiated in the primary motor cortex

Answer 68

Premotor area

Question 69

motivation and foresight to plan and initiate movements

Answer 69

Prefrontal area

Question 70

surround and protect the brain and spinal cord

Answer 70

Meninges

Question 71

Page 95